CHARACTERIZATION OF POWDER FLOWABILITY USING MEASUREMENT OF ANGLE OF REPOSE

In response to the need in industry for a quick and reproducible method of measuring the flowability of powders in processes involving transport and storage, the apparently simple idea of measuring angle of repose has been revived. The simple tester first used has evolved over a number of years into the present version which is shown to be capable of handling quite small samples of powders that are even slightly cohesive. Experimental data are presented and results shown to compare consistently with the better known Hausner ratio.     

Experimental Study on Powder Flowability Using Vibration Shear Tube Method

The flowability of powders with different mass median diameters ranging from micrometers to nanometers was measured using the vibration shear tube method. In the measurement system used in this study, the powder was discharged through a narrow gap between a vibrating tube edge and a flat bottom surface, where each particle could experience high shear forces to overcome the adhesion and friction forces. The vibration amplitude was increased during the measurement, and the mass of particles discharged was measured at constant time intervals. From the relationship between the mass flow rate and the vibration acceleration, static and dynamic properties of the powders were evaluated using the critical vibration acceleration, characteristic mass flow rate, and gradient of mass flow rate. The correlation between the static and dynamic properties was studied in detail.     

Treatment of a Polyethylene Powder Using a Remote Nitrogen Plasma Reactor Coupled with a Fluidized Bed: Influence on Wettability and Flowability

A Far Cold Remote Nitrogen Plasma is used both to fluidize and to treat a polyethylene powder in order to increase its hydrophilic character. The evolution of the wettability of the powder as well as the one of its physical (density, particles size distribution, average diameter, shape factor, and BET surface area) and flow properties (angle of repose, angle of slide, and Hausner index) are determined versus various experimental conditions. It is shown that the plasma treatment efficiency is strongly dependant on the oxygen content of the nitrogen flow and on the velocity of fluidizing gas. Best wettability is obtained by the addition of 0.75% of O₂ in the nitrogen plasma gas and with a high gas velocity. It is also evidenced that the flowability of the powder is slightly altered by the plasma treatment.     

一种含树枝单元的高流动性尼龙6的原位聚合及性能测试

将低代数的树枝状大分子聚酰胺胺(polyamidomine,即PAMAM)分别与对苯二甲酸配制成母盐溶液,再以母盐溶液,己内酰胺,封端剂一起投入高压釜进行原位聚合,通过调节PAMAM在己内酰胺中的比例及改变不同的PAMAM代数得到新型高流动性尼龙6.FTIR显示,与线性尼龙相比较,高流动性尼龙6的γ(N—H)和2δ(N—H)两处对应峰都发生了明显的蓝移.对于树枝单元含量较低(0.3 wt%~0.5 wt%)的新型尼龙6,拉伸性能没有下降,缺口冲击强度增加,而熔体流动却显著得到改善.DSC显示,新型尼龙6的结晶曲线的结晶峰温度有不同程度的降低,晶体生长速率明显减慢.     

尼龙粉末在SLS预热温度下的离散元模型参数确定及其流动特性分析

尼龙粉末是增材制造中常用的粉体材料,温度对其流动性有重要影响. 探索尼龙粉末增材制造预热温度下的流动性是研究选择性激光烧结(selective laser sintering, SLS)工艺中粉体铺展成形的基础. 选取SLS技术中的尼龙粉末为原材料,采用离散元数值方法,研究尼龙粉末的流动行为,是增材制造工艺数值模拟和铺粉工艺优化的研究热点. 以Hertz-Mindlin模型为基础,基于Hamaker理论模型和库伦定律,在尼龙粉末的接触动力学模型中引入范德华力和静电力,建立预热温度下尼龙粉末流动的离散元模型(discrete element method, DEM),通过对比相应实验结果,标定了该模型的参数. 对加热旋转圆筒中尼龙粉末流动过程进行了DEM数值模拟,校核了所建模型的正确性,并研究了粉体粒径分布对尼龙粉末流动特性的影响规律. 研究表明,尼龙粉末黏附力是静电力与范德华力的共同作用结果;随着粉体粒径的增大,尼龙粉末崩塌角增大,流动性增强;相对于高斯粒径分布,粒径均匀分布的尼龙粉末颗粒流动性更强. 研究结果可指导SLS中铺粉工艺的优化.      

Effect of Ultrafine Full-Vulcanized Powdered Rubber on the Properties of the Intumescent Fire Retardant Polypropylene

Ultrafine full-vulcanized powdered rubber (UFPR) was added into intumescent fire retardant polypropylene (IFR-PP) composites, and fire retardance, morphology, and properties of the composite were analyzed. Ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol were used as the intumescent fire retardants (IFR). The mechanical properties (elongation at break increased from 70% to 110%) and the melt flowability of IFR-PP improved by adding a small quantity of UFPR (less than 0.5 phr) but decreased when the UFPR was more than 0.5 phr. At the same time, the fire retardance, as measured by the limiting oxygen index and the UL94 vertical test rating, and other mechanical properties decreased appreciably with adding UFPR. The reasons were analyzed by using SEM micrographs, and a model was proposed to explain the reasons.     

氟化氢泛频化学激光器高超音速低温喷管研究

 通过建立一套氟化氢泛频化学激光器实验系统，介绍了一种新型高超音速低温喷管的结构及其实验参数设置方法；对喷管性能进行了测试，并将实验结果同数值模拟结果进行对比，找出了改善喷管性能的方法。由该喷管构成的激光系统已顺利出光。     

Radiation degradation of polypropylene

Post-irradiation degradation of isotactic polypropylene irradiated by Co⁶⁰-γ-ray has been followed for 12 months. Effects of irradiation doses (10–100 kGy) up on the change of the structure and mechanical properties as well as flowability of this polymer has been studied. Carbonyl index increases with increasing post-irradiation time. The rate of which was much higher for doses above 50 kGy. Tensile strength declines with time and those samples irradiated above 50 kGy become quite brittle, just after irradiation. Results reveal that post-irradiation degradation of polypropylene irradiated by γ-ray occurs via chain scission mechanism.     

A facile approach to synthesize a “star-like” material based on β-cyclodextrin for enhancing the flowability of paraffinic oils

A novel compound, which exhibits “star-like” architecture and is expected to be a promising flow improver for paraffinic oils, was presented in the current work. This material was facilely synthesized based on β-cyclodextrin molecule via a catalytic esterification procedure under mild experiment conditions. The chemical formation was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and elemental analysis, respectively. The experimental data revealed that each β-cyclodextrin was attached by approximately seven C14 chains. This type of architecture is supposed to be appropriate to co-crystallize with paraffin melocules through taking the place of a paraffin in crystal lattic and thus disperse the agglomeration of wax crystals. This hypothesis was verified through a yield stress test and rheological analysis. It was observed that after treatment with this compound, the paraffinic oil yielded at a much lower stress value compared to the untreated oil. Moreover, a significant shift of the apparent viscosity vs. temperature curve to the left field occurred. These results demonstrated the capacity of this synthesized compound in enhancing the flowability of paraffinic oils.     

CHARACTERIZATION OF POWDER FLOWABILITY USING MEASUREMENT OF ANGLE OF REPOSE

In response to the need in industry for a quick and reproducible method of measuring the flowability of powders in processes involving transport and storage, the apparently simple idea of measuring angle of repose has been revived. The simple tester first used has evolved over a number of years into the present version which is shown to be capable of handling quite small samples of powders that are even slightly cohesive. Experimental data are presented and results shown to compare consistently with the better known Hausner ratio.