X—射线荧光光谱法分析燃油锅炉受热面的灰渣成分

用X-射线荧光光谱(XRF)法测定了火电厂燃油锅炉受热面的灰渣成分,给出了XRF测试条件,与等离子体发射光谱法的测试结果进行了对比。     

物理化学教学中安全工程教育的融合与内化实例*

如何强化安全工程教育是化学化工类专业高等教育的一个重要课题。通过对蒸汽锅炉爆炸、火灾爆燃事故以及锈蚀危害等3个实例的详细讲述,指出在物理化学的教学中,若适时融入相关的安全工程教育,可以使学生深刻理解安全事故发生及防范所依赖的物理化学原理,从而起到安全意识的内化作用。教学中现代教育技术的引入可以增强这一效果。     

Micro-segregation model calculation of residual tin in boiler and pressure vessel steel

Tin is a typical residual element in steel and mainly originates from Sn-containing complex iron ore and steel scrap. The segregation of Sn in steel is harmful to the performances of steel. In this paper, the micro-segregation of residual element Sn during the solidification process of boiler and pressure vessel steel by micro-segregation model was studied. The results showed that the micro-segregation degree of Sn reduces apparently with the increase of cooling rate and remarkably deteriorates during the solidification process. When the initial content of C is higher than 0.1%, it will cause the solidification transform of the solid phase converting from the ferrite phase to austenite phase and the significant increase in the micro-segregation degree of Sn. However, increasing the initial contents of Si, Mn, P and S separately has non-significant effects on the micro-segregation degree of Sn. In addition, the improvement of initial content of Sn will lead to the micro-segregation degree decrease of Sn and has an inapparent impact on zero strength temperature and zero ductility temperature of the boiler and pressure vessel steel.     

12兆瓦热电气多联产装置的开发

介绍了为解决某钢铁企业的中热值煤气，蒸汽和电的短缺而开发的一台12MW的热电气多联产装置，在该系统中，把一台流化床气化炉和一台75t/h循环流化床锅炉结合在一起，从而实现煤气和蒸汽联产，在详细介绍了该装置的设计思想和结构特点的同时，用所建的热电气多联产模型对该装置包括煤气产量，煤气成分，煤气热值和系统运行温度等在内的性能参数进行了预测。     

大型电站煤粉炉自身固硫灰渣的微观晶相分析

研究了电站1 025 t/h煤粉炉燃用Ca/S(摩尔比)=2.02的神木煤自身固硫灰渣的晶相组成,XRD分析表明,入炉煤中无定形的非晶相质量分数高达91.2%,CaCO3晶相质量分数为2.1%。满负荷下飞灰中因高温熔融形成的玻璃态非晶相质量分数高达70.5%,煤灰自身固硫产物CaSO4质量分数为3.4%,CaCO3和CaO质量分数为6.9%,使其仍具有进一步固硫的能力。满负荷下炉底渣中钠长石质量分数高达59.2%,非晶相质量分数为25.7%,未发现CaSO4、CaCO3或CaO晶相。当锅炉负荷降低时,飞灰中非晶相质量分数相应降低,炉底渣中非晶相质量分数升高。     

四角切圆燃烧锅炉炉膛内流体流动的实验研究

本文采用一维ＬＤＡ技术通过旋转方法对四角切圆燃烧煤粉锅炉炉膛内的冷态空气动力场进行了实验研究,得出了该流动定量化的流动特征：中心较明显的向下流动;下部燃烧器区外旋气流沿壁面向下流动;在屏式过热器下面仍然存在较强的旋转流动。本文所提供的数据可用于数值计算结果的检验。     

300 MW等级燃煤机组煤粉炉与循环流化床锅炉汞排放特性比较

选取某地330 MW煤粉炉(PC炉)和350 MW循环流化床锅炉(CFB)的燃煤电厂进行汞排放特性的研究。采用30B法和安大略法对两个燃煤电厂的除尘器入口、除尘器出口、脱硫塔出口和湿式电除尘器出口的烟气进行了取样和汞浓度分析,采集了入炉煤和副产物底渣、飞灰及脱硫石膏样品。通过样品中汞含量的分布,探讨了PC炉与CFB锅炉机组现有污染物控制设备对汞的协同脱除作用。结果表明,350 MW CFB电厂除尘器出口烟气平均汞浓度降低至0.43μg/m~3,布袋除尘器对汞的捕获效率达到98.9%,相应的燃烧副产物中飞灰是汞的主要富集对象。对于330 MW PC炉电厂,除尘器入口和除尘器出口烟气汞浓度均高于350 MW CFB电厂,烟气汞浓度从除尘器入口、除尘器出口到脱硫塔出口依次降低,在脱硫塔出口烟气汞浓度降低至0.42μg/m~3,静电除尘器和湿式脱硫塔对烟气汞的捕获效率分别为75.0%和22.4%,相应的产物中飞灰和脱硫石膏中汞都有一定程度的富集。     

高温管式炉的设计与制作

本文介绍了一种小型高温管式炉的设计与制作,介绍了应用实例。此炉是材料科研中必备的设备。     

锅炉内煤粉燃烧的通用计算方法

1前言 四角喷燃的煤粉锅炉是目前我国大型发电锅炉最主要的炉型,为保证其动力工况的可靠性,合理地布置受热面和选择受热面材料,有效组织炉膛内的燃烧过程以提高锅炉运行的安全性,锅炉设计人员需要准确地预报锅炉炉膛内,特别是燃烧器区及炉膛出口区的烟气温度分布等参数.     

Coal pyrolysis in a fluidized bed reactor simulating the process conditions of coal topping in CFB boiler

Simulating the conditions of pyrolytic topping in a fluidized bed reactor integrated into a CFB boiler, the study was devoted to the reaction fundamentals of coal pyrolysis in terms of the production characteristics of pyrolysis oil in fluidized bed reactors, including pyrolysis oil yield, required reaction time and the chemical species presented in the pyrolysis oil. The results demonstrated that the maximal pyrolysis oil yield occurred on conditions of 873 K, with a reaction time of 3 min and in a reaction atmosphere gas simulating the composition of pyrolysis gas. Adding H₂ and CO₂ into the reaction atmosphere decreased the pyrolysis oil yield, while the oil yield increased with increasing the CO and CH₄ contents in the atmosphere. TG-FTIR analysis was conducted to reveal the effects of reaction atmosphere on the chemical species present in the pyrolysis oil. The results clarified that the pyrolysis oil yield reached its maximum when the simulated pyrolysis gas was the reaction atmosphere, but there were slightly fewer volatile matters in the pyrolysis oil than the oil generated in the N₂ atmosphere. All of these results are expected not only to reveal the composition characteristics of the pyrolysis oil from different conditions of the coal topping process but also to optimize the pyrolysis conditions in terms of maximizing the light pyrolysis oil yield and quality.