Bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy

Tonsillectomy is an operation performed by various techniques. We have developed a bipolar diathermy dissection technique that allows a low intra-operative blood loss without an increase in complications. The average blood loss was less than 4 ml in 100 patients. Most were able to drink and eat by 4 and 10 hours respectively. There was no increase in analgesic requirements. No primary haemorrhage was recorded; three patients had a secondary haemorrhage. The technique allows accurate coagulation of blood vessel and is an easy procedure to learn.     

Diclofenac and post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage

The authors noticed a marked increase in the incidence of reactionary post-operative haemorrhage after tonsillectomy during the course of 1992. This increase appeared to be related to the introduction of diclofenac as a post-operative analgesic. A retrospective review of casenotes of patients having tonsillectomy under the care of the senior author (P. M. R.) in 1992 revealed that four of the 73 patients (5.5%) receiving diclofenac at induction of anaesthesia suffered reactionary haemorrhage requiring operative control, as compared with two of 293 (0.7%) receiving other analgesics.     

The effect of fibrin sealant haemostasis on post-operative pain in tonsillectomy

Pain following tonsillectomy is an important problem. It is caused by the surgical trauma of excision and haemostasis. Numerous surgical and pharmacological solutions have been tried, with disappointing results. Fibrin sealant is a widely used atraumatic haemostatic agent. This study aims to determine whether tonsillectomy with fibrin sealant haemostasis results in less post-operative pain than that with the conventional technique of diathermy. Fifty consecutive adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy were prospectively studied. They were randomized to receive either fibrin sealant or diathermy haemostasis. Other pain variables were controlled. Pain was measured by a visual linear analogue scale and inter-incisor distance on both the day of operation and the first post-operative day. The patients and pain measurer were blind to the randomization. The results showed that tonsillectomy with fibrin sealant haemostasis was significantly (P < 0.05) less painful than that with diathermy on both days studied and by both methods of pain measurement     

The role of bupivicaine in post-tonsillectomy pain

The peritonsillar tissues on one side of 45 consecutive patients undergoing tonsillectomy were infiltrated with bupivicaine and adrenaline, the opposite side serving as a control. Although a significant difference was noted between the two sides this was not a substantial difference in terms of pain relief.     

Oral ondansetron decreases vomiting after tonsillectomy in children

Vomiting is a common, unpleasant aftermath of tonsillectomy in children. Intraoperative intravenous ondansetron (OND) reduces vomiting after this operation. Our doubleblind, placebocontrolled, randomized investigation studied the effect of the oral form of OND on vomiting after outpatient tonsillectomy in children. We studied 233 healthy children age 2–14 yr undergoing elective tonsillectomy. Subjects were given placebo (PLAC) or OND 0.1 mg · kg^?1 rounded off to the nearest 2 mg one hr before surgery. Anaesthesia was induced with either propofol or halothane/N₂O. Vecuronium 0.1 mg · kg^?1 was administered at the discretion of the anaesthetist. Anaesthesia was maintained with halothane/N₂O, 50 μg · kg^?1 midazolam iv and 1–1.5 mg · kg^?1 codeine im. At the end of surgery, residual neuromuscular blockade was reversed with neostigmine and atropine. All episodes of inhospital emesis were recorded by nursing staff. Rescue antiemetics in the hospital were 1 mg · kg^?1 dimenhydrinate ivfor vomiting × 2 and 50 μg · kg^?1 droperidol iv for vomiting × 4. Parents kept a diary of emesis after discharge. Postoperative pain was treated with morphine, codeine and/or acetaminophen. The two groups were similar with respect to demographic data, induction technique and anaesthesia time. Oral OND (n = 109) reduced postoperative emesis from 54% to 39%, P < 0.05. This effect was most dramatic inhospital, where 10% of the OND-patients and 30% of the PLAC-group vomited, P < 0.05. The OND-subjects required fewer rescue antiemetics, 7% vs 17%, P < 0.05. In conclusion, oral ondansetron decreased the incidence of vomiting after outpatient tonsillectomy in children.     

Peritonsillar abscess – critical analysis of abscess tonsillectomy

The risk of secondary haemorrhage following abscess tonsillectomy is reported in the literature with differing rates. A retro‐ and prospective analysis of complication rates following abscess tonsillectomy was conducted in 142 patients (54 females, 88 males; mean age: 35 years). In 22% of patients, a secondary haemorrhage occurred. In half of these (11% of total), the haemorrhage had to be treated surgically. Secondary haemorrhage occurred most commonly on the 6th and 8th postoperative days. Reports in the literature are not in unison about the risk of secondary haemorrhage following abscess tonsillectomy and therefore allow no final judgement about an objective risk of this complication. This report strengthens the results of the ‘Comparative Audit Service’ analysis from 1997, which did show a high risk of secondary haemorrhage following tonsillectomy, as well as following abscess tonsillectomy.     

IgA肾病的治疗进展

IgA肾病(IgAN)是世界范围内最常见的肾小球疾病,我国IgAN占原发性肾小球肾炎的45.2％ ～58.2％.IgAN目前发病机制尚不清楚,临床工作中血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂( ACEI)/血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)、糖皮质激素、免疫抑制剂等药物应用广泛,进行了很多有益探索,但治疗方案仍缺乏统一标准.2010年美国肾脏病学会年会(ASN)上,改善全球肾脏疾病预后组织( KDIGO)提出了有关IgAN循证治疗意见的初稿,本文就此循证治疗意见作一综述.     

低温等离子刀治疗慢性扁桃体炎33例疗效观察

目的探讨低温等离子刀治疗慢性扁桃体炎的疗效及其安全性。方法采用低温等离子刀治疗慢性扁桃体炎。结果对33例慢性扁桃体炎患者3~6个月疗效观察表明,该方法安全,效果明确,疼痛较轻,术中和术后出血少等;治愈率为100%。结论低温等离子刀治疗慢性扁桃体炎,具有疗效确切、安全、精确、损伤小、并发症少等优点,具有很好的临床应用价值。     

扁桃体切除术治疗IgA肾病的临床观察

本文报告扁桃体切除治疗 IgA 肾病45例的临床观察结果,对 IgA 肾病血尿型有效率达86.2%.非血尿型为62.5%。同时对18例 IgA 肾病患者的扁桃体组织进行了免疫球蛋白含量测定,并与18例非病灶性一般慢性扁桃体炎患者的含量进行对比,含量分别为137.8±89.5(μg/g)及70.5±54.8(μg/g),IgA 肾病者的含量明显高于对照组.作者认为在 IgA 肾病尚无特效疗法的情况下,进行扁桃体切除,去除病灶,是一有效的治疗措施.