Determinantes sociales de la salud de distintos niveles por género: educación y hogar en España

Objective

To explore from a gender perspective the association with subjective health of the interaction between education and household arrangements within the framework of social determinants of health placed at the micro and mezzo levels.

Ill-health as a household norm: Evidence from other people's health problems

This paper proposes that an individual's self-assessed health (SAH) does not only suffer from systematic reporting bias and adaptation bias but is also biased owing to confounding health norm effects. Using 13 waves of the British Household Panel Survey covering the period 1991–2005, I show that, while there is a negative and statistically significant correlation between SAH and individuals' own health problem index, this negative effect reduces with the average number of health problems per (other) family member. The relative health bias is small, however, which implies that measures of SAH may not suffer seriously from systematic health norm bias. This is an important finding for researchers working with SAH data as it indicates that we do not have to worry too much about controlling for confounding influences from the health of other household members when estimating SAH regression equations.     

采用生活垃圾研制烧结砖

该文介绍了用好氧发酵工艺对新鲜生活垃圾进行预处理,用做制砖的原料。制砖工艺采用对辊,双轴搅拌,真空挤出,轮窑烧成等工序,垃圾掺加量为30％～50％,可完全取代内掺材料,节省90％以上的煤炭。     

Healthy by Association: The relationship between social participation and self-rated physical and psychological health

This paper investigates the relationship between social participation and subjective health. Using individual-level data from the British Household Panel Survey, we show that being an active member of a social or sport organisation increases self-rated physical and psychological health. For men, the benefits of social interaction work primarily via physical pathways, while women report a more psychosocial channel. We separate the main results by occupation and document some heterogeneity. Manual workers find more physical and psychological relief via social involvement, whereas non-manual workers are more likely to take relief from sport participation. Interestingly, as the number of associations in which the individual is active increases, the incremental increase in social benefits diminishes. Our findings point to the importance of promoting social and sport activities in health communication and policy making.     

城乡二元户籍制度下的我国劳动力市场分析

分析户口迁移政策改革的成本与收益 ,对我国劳动力市场跨地区流动进行了实证分析 ,认为实现劳动力的自由迁移不仅符合政府部门的利益而且可以减少城乡收入差距 ,实现政府的目标     

Laninamivir octanoate for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in household contacts: a randomized double blind placebo controlled trial

Laninamivir octanoate, a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, is an effective treatment for influenza. However, its effectiveness for the prevention of influenza has not yet been demonstrated. We conducted a double-blind, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine whether laninamivir octanoate was superior to a placebo for post-exposure prophylaxis of influenza in household contacts. Eligible participants, who were household members who did not have influenza and were in contact with an influenza-infected index patient, were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to one of three groups: 20 mg of laninamivir octanoate once daily for 2 days (LO-2), 20 mg of laninamivir octanoate once daily for 3 days (LO-3), or a placebo. The primary endpoint was the proportion of participants who developed clinical influenza during a 10-day period. A total of 1711 participants were enrolled, and 1451 participants were included in the primary analysis. The proportion of participants with clinical influenza was 3.9 % (19/487) in the LO-2 group, 3.7 % (18/486) in the LO-3 group, and 16.9 % (81/478) in the placebo group (P < 0.001 for each of the laninamivir octanoate group). The relative risk reductions, compared with the placebo group, were 77.0 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 62.7–85.8] and 78.1 % (95 % CI 64.1–86.7 %) for the LO-2 and LO-3 groups, respectively. The incidences of adverse events in the laninamivir octanoate groups were similar to that in the placebo group. The inhalation of 20 mg of laninamivir octanoate once daily for 2 or 3 days was well tolerated and effectively prevented the development of influenza in household contacts.     

滇西地区室内鼠形动物巴尔通体感染情况调查研究

目的 了解滇西地区室内鼠形动物巴尔通体感染状况。方法 在滇西地区8个州(市)抽取10个县(市、区)40个自然村,随机抽取800户家庭(每村20户),进行室内捕鼠,采集鼠脾脏标本并提取基因组DNA,运用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增巴尔通体枸橼酸合酶(gltA)基因,阳性者进行测序分析。结果 捕获9种421只鼠形动物,采集脏器样本404份,PCR扩增阳性64份,阳性率为15.84%。9种鼠形动物中仅黄胸鼠和褐家鼠检出阳性,阳性率分别为23.05%(62/269)和8.70%(2/23)。10个县(市、区)中6个检出阳性。基因分析表明携带的巴尔通体至少存在6种基因型:B. tribocorum、B. queenslandensis、B. elizabethae、B. rochalimae及2个可能的新型。结论 滇西地区室内鼠形动物感染巴尔通体,且呈现基因多样性特征,部分县(市)阳性率较高,需加强监测和预防控制。     

Local Ecological Factors,Ultrafine Particulate Concentrations,and Asthma Prevalence Rates in Buffalo,New York,Neighborhoods

Previous to this study various healthcare utilization studies and house-to-house surveys had shown that Buffalo's west side had a high utilization rate for asthma and high asthma prevalence in comparison with neighboring communities. The relative contributions of traffic-related pollution and personal and local ecological factors to the high asthma rates were still unknown. To investigate the potential roles of personal home environmental factors and local ecological factors in variations of asthma prevalence in Buffalo neighborhoods, we conducted a cross-sectional survey of a systematic random sample of 2000 households in the city of Buffalo, New York, with a response rate of 80.4%. We found that the odds of having at least one person with asthma per household on Buffalo's west side was 2.57 times [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.85–3.57] that of Buffalo's east side. There were no statistically significant differences in the odds of finding at least one person with asthma in households of other Buffalo neighborhoods. We further found no difference in the odds of having asthma on Buffalo's west side even after correcting for race/ethnicity, household triggers of asthma, and socioeconomic factors. Monitoring ultrafine particulates showed increased levels in communities downwind of the Peace Bridge Complex and major roadways supplying it. A multiple-regression model showed that asthma prevalence may be influenced by humidity and ultrafine particulate concentrations. These results suggest that increased asthma risk may be influenced by chronic exposure to personal and local ecological factors.     

Prevalence of tuberculosis infection and its relationship to stunting in children (under five years) household contact with new tuberculosis cases

BackgroundChildren who inhabit the same house with tuberculosis (TB) patients are at high risk for infection and illness with TB. Nutritional status (stunting) in children is related to the child's ability to withstand MTB (Mycobacterium Tuberculosis). This study aims to estimated the prevalence of tuberculosis infection and its relationship to stunting in children (under five years) with household contact (HHC) with new TB cases.MethodsA cross-sectional design was implemented. Conducted in July 2018–April 2019 at 13 Public Health Center in Makassar City. The sample size was calculated using one sample situation-about precision formula. Samples were children under five who had contact with new diagnosed TB cases. Tuberculosis infection was measured by TST (tuberculin skin test). Logistic regression with causal model to examine TB infection relationship with stunting and covariate variable, analyzed using Stata/MP 13.0 software.ResultsOne hundred twenty-six (126) eligible children. Prevalence of tuberculosis infection was 38.10%. Frequency of stunted was 31 children (24.60%). Stunted nutritional status (aPR): 2.36, 95% CI 1.60–3.44), boys (aPR: 1.47, 95% CI 0.96–2.25), not getting BCG immunization (aPR: 1.58, 95%) CI 0.89–2.82), and high contact intensity (aPR: 2.62, 95% CI 1.10–6.22) best predicted the tuberculosis infection in children with TB case household contacts with a model contribution of 64%.ConclusionStunted nutritional status (moderate and severe), boys, not getting BCG immunization, and high contact intensity are the determinants of TB infection transmission in children HHC with TB. Children under five years of age who have close contact with TB cases should be targeted for priority interventions to prevent the transmission of TB infection and progressing to TB cases.