多巴胺能神经传输在吗啡成瘾与应激性抑郁中的作用机制

吗啡成瘾可以引起多巴胺能神经传输功能改变,应激性抑郁与多巴胺能神经的功能降低有关,表明吗啡成瘾与应激性抑郁情感性精神障碍密切相关,他们可能具有一种或多种相同的神经生物学机制。从腹侧被盖区(ventral tegmental area, VTA)到伏隔核(nucleus accumbens, NAc)、前额叶皮层(medial prefrontal cortex, mPFC)、杏仁核(amygdala, Amy)、海马(hippocampus, Hip)以及纹状体(striatum, ST)的多巴胺能神经传输功能紊乱,在吗啡成瘾和应激性抑郁中起着重要的作用。因此,该文对多巴胺能神经传输在吗啡成瘾和应激性抑郁中的作用机制进行综述。     

硬膜外高渗氯化钠溶液术后镇痛的临床双盲研究

为观察高渗盐水硬膜外注射术后镇痛效果,用双盲法对60例病人进行了研究。生理盐水对照级术后镇痛优良率为3.33％,镇痛有效率为10％,均需用镇痛药;高渗盐水组术后镇痛优良率为86.67％,有效率为96.67％,很少使用镇痛药。两组差别显著(P<0.05,P<0.01)。对其他感觉和运动功能无明显影响。高渗盐水组与吗啡组比较镇痛效果相同(P>0.05),副作用少(P<0.01)。说明硬膜外高渗氯化钠溶液是一种安全有效的镇痛方法,有较高推广应用价值。     

吗啡控释片不同剂量治疗癌痛156例分析及护理对策

解除癌症患者的疼痛是一个重要而经常被忽视的医疗问题,据WTO的估计,全世界每天有300～350万人遭受着癌痛的折磨,疼痛发生率在60%左右,其中30%的患者有难以忍受的剧烈疼痛,严重地影响生活质量[1].疼痛不仅给患者躯体带来不适,而且对精神、心理、体质等方面也会产生不同程度的影响[2].现结合文献将我院在2004年1月～2008年2月应用吗啡控释片治疗中、重度癌痛156例以及恰当护理措施报告如下.     

哌替啶与吗啡的年度用量分析

目的通过哌替啶与吗啡的用量分析,了解我院麻醉药品的使用情况。方法收集我院住院药房1999年1月-2008年12月麻醉药品专用登记册记录数据,以哌替啶和吗啡为代表药物进行用量分析。结果吗啡与哌替啶的年度总用量呈整体上升趋势,特别是吗啡的用量显著增加。结论我院医师对疼痛的认识和对麻醉药品的合理应用有了很大的提高。     

鞘内注射吗啡加可乐定对切口痛大鼠脊髓背角蛋白激酶A催化亚单位表达的影响

Objective To observe the effect of intrathecal clonidine plus morphine on expression of protein kinase A (PKA) catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn in a rat model of incisional pain. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into five groups: sham group, control group, pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group, pro-incisional clonidine 5 μg group and preincisional morphine 2.5 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group (n=16). lntrathecal catheter and the model of incisional pain were pro-duced according to Yaksh and Brennan's described method respectively. Changes of pain behavior were assessed by mechanical with-drawal threshold (MWT) and thermal withdrawal latency(TWL). The expressions of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were assessed by immunohistochemical method and western blotting analysis. Results Compared with sham group, MWT and TWL in control group were decreased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were increased significantly in control group (P<0.01). Compared with control group, MWT and TWL in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 lag group were increased significantly at 2 h after incision (P<0.01) and the number of positive cells and protein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn were decreased significantly in pre-incision morphine 2 μg plus clonidine 5 μg group (P<0.01). However, MWT, TWL and the number of positive cells and pro-tein expression of PKA catalytic subunit in the spinal dorsal horn changed with no statistical significance in pre-incisional morphine 2.5 μg group and pre-incisional clonidine 5 μg group compared with control group. Conclusion lntrathecal clonidine significantly enhances the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal morphine in a rat model of incisional pain, which might be associated with inhibi-tion of the increased expression of PKA catalytic subunit in spinal cord.     

小鼠吗啡依赖纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应模型的建立

目的建立稳定的小鼠吗啡依赖纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应模型。方法小鼠连续皮下注射吗啡,以纳洛酮催促戒断跳跃反应为指标,调整吗啡给予天数(5,6,7,10d)、吗啡累积剂量(360,560,640,945,1100,1105,1200mg/kg)、每日给予吗啡的频数[一天二次(bid),一天三次(tid)]、纳洛酮催促紧前给予吗啡与否、以及纳洛酮剂量(10,20mg/kg),建立四个造模方案包括八个子方案。结果方案A、B2、C2吗啡组小鼠跳跃反应率未达100%;方案B1、C1、D2、D3、D4吗啡组小鼠跳跃次数变异系数较大。方案D1采用小鼠连续皮下注射倍增剂量的吗啡,tid×6d,每日每次剂量分别为5,10,20,40,80,160mg/kg;第7天皮下注射吗啡160mg/kg,3h后腹腔注射纳洛酮10mg/kg,吗啡组小鼠可产生显著的跳跃反应,与对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),且变异系数小(CV为0.22),该方案吗啡依赖小鼠跳跃反应次数适度,离散度小。结论选用方案D1可建立稳定的小鼠戒断跳跃反应模型。     

硬膜外注射吗啡预镇痛对重度妊高征患者术后镇痛的影响

为了评估术前预防性硬膜外注射吗啡对术后镇痛的影响，选择50例ASAⅡ~Ⅲ级重度妊高征患者随机分成研究组与对照组，每组各25例。研究组于麻醉诱导后，切皮前往硬外管注入含2mg吗啡的生理盐水5ml，对照组则单独注入生理盐水5ml。结果表明：研究组的术后镇痛效果明显优于对照组，术后血压和术后镇痛药用量均明显低于对照组（p＜0．05％）。     

纳美芬对小鼠吗啡身体依赖性的影响

本文研究盐酸钠美芬对小鼠吗啡身体依赖性的拮抗作用。选用连续３ｄ给吗啡成瘾的小鼠用纳洛酮进行催瘾。记录催瘾后小鼠跳跃次数。结果表明，ｓｃ纳美芬０．０５－０．４ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１，能够完全拮抗小鼠对吗啡形成的身体依赖。