低成本钢尾渣-矿渣基矿山充填料的优化开发

 为实现多固废协同利用、降低充填成本,在矿渣基全粒级细尾砂胶结充填料基础上,以流动性和抗压强度为表征,利用热闷钢渣磁选尾渣(钢尾渣)替代部分矿渣作为胶凝材料,脱硫灰和水泥熟料替代部分专用添加剂作为外加剂,采用正交试验探寻掺量规律,优化固体填充料配比,开发钢尾渣-矿渣基软性矿山充填料,并研究了外加剂与胶材比、灰砂比等因素的影响。对比分析了矿渣基准组、钢尾渣-矿渣基准组(B1)、强度最优外加剂组分钢尾渣-矿渣组(B7)等3组充填料的微观形貌及XRD图谱以探究其水化机理。结果表明,钢尾渣替代矿渣量增加、外加剂与胶材比减小,充填料浆流动性改善,但充填体抗压强度下降。强度正交试验结果表明,钢尾渣掺量大小决定强度低高,脱硫灰掺量宜高于水泥熟料。进一步调整外加剂组分配比,在灰砂比为1∶6、钢尾渣替代矿渣为20%条件下,找出B7组外加剂组分为脱硫灰、水泥熟料分别替代30%、20%专用添加剂,B7组料浆扩展度为143 mm,充填体形貌为富铁绿泥石胶结假方体钙硅灰石,28 d抗压强度达2.13 MPa,较基准组低0.19 MPa,较B1提高0.26 MPa。该替代方案满足现场充填C2级强度的要求,改善流动性并显著降低了充填成本。优化的外加剂组分配比在灰砂比为1∶4条件下同样具有强度优化作用,但较灰砂比为1∶6条件下低。     

多目标条件下矿山充填材料配比优化实验

为准确确定某铁矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比,分别选择制浆水性、砂灰质量比和料浆质量浓度与充填体强度、料浆坍落度和料浆泌水率作为尾砂胶结充填材料配比优化的影响因素和充填性能评价指标.基于响应面–满意度函数耦合理论,采用Box-Behnken实验设计方法开展13组不同充填配比实验,构建充填性能评价指标的响应面函数,研究各影响因素与目标响应量的相关关系及多目标条件下的最优充填材料配比.结果表明,制浆水性对响应量影响不显著;砂灰质量比对充填体强度影响极显著;坍落度受料浆质量浓度、砂灰质量比影响较显著;砂灰质量比和料浆质量浓度对料浆泌水率的影响均极为显著,且二者之间存在极显著的交互作用.该矿尾砂胶结充填材料最优配比为:制浆水性为海水,砂灰质量比为8.44:1,料浆质量浓度为72%,该配比条件下对应的响应量预测结果为:充填体28 d龄期单轴抗压强度为2.00 MPa,料浆塌落度为27.15 cm,料浆泌水率为7.35%,与验证实验结果基本吻合,为现场工业实验提供强有力的理论支撑.     

软土地区旧桩拔除技术和新建桩基础调整方案及施工措施

结合天津南开区某地块定向经济适用房项目,介绍其在基础施工中遇到旧预制方桩时,采用全套管高压喷气、射水振动沉管施工工艺清孔拔桩,并对该工艺进行分析得出:该拔桩施工工艺适用于软土地区旧桩拔除项目;并针对旧桩孔无法回填压实、部分新建桩基础与拔除旧桩孔距离较近等原因导致钻孔倾斜、串孔等问题,提出远离旧桩位置或调整至旧桩桩心位置等方法调整桩位,并采用加大桩径、增设承台等调整方案承担因调整桩位而产生的上部偏心荷载;采用拌和白灰、分层压实、回填静置等措施提高回填土的密实度,采用保证垂直度和调节泥浆配合比等措施,以改善不良施工条件,得出适当增加混凝土充盈系数保证成桩质量等施工经验,为后续类似工程提供借鉴。     

Gateside packwall design in solid backfill mining-A case study

Based upon characteristic movement features of the overlying strata in solid backfill mining and in-situ observations,an associated model representing a roadway support system has been developed.Based on the Winkler foundation and beam model,the current study presents a static analysis of the model,thus permitting acquisition of a theoretical formula pertaining to roof convergence.Through use of working face 6304-1(Jisan Colliery) as the research setting,the association between roof convergence magnitude and both packwall strength and width have been elucidated.Based upon observed conditions at the working face,realistic packwall parameters have been formulated,with numerical simulation results and field application results indicating that design parameters garnered from the developed formula successfully adapted to local geological movement and deformation.Accordingly,roadway deformation was shown to be within the permissible range,thus satisfying mine production requirements.The proposed method in the current study may give a design basis for pack design in the context of SBM under similar conditions.     

Mechanical analysis of roof stability under nonlinear compaction of solid backfill body

Based on the compaction characteristic test and the nonlinear compaction deformation characteristics of backfill material, this paper applies the theory of nonlinear elastic foundation of thin plate to establish a mechanical model of backfill body and roof in solid dense backfill coal mining. This study critically analyses the deflection equation of the roof by the energy method, derives the conditions of roof breakage and combined with concrete engineering practice analyses, determines roof movement regularity and stability in solid dense backfill mining. Analysis of the engineering practice of the 13,120 backfill panel of Pingmei 12# mine shows the theoretical maximum of roof convergence in backfill mining to be415 mm which is in significant agreement with the measured value. During the advancing process of solid backfill mining at the panel, the maximum tensile stress on the roof is less than its tensile strength which does not satisfy the conditions for roof breakage. Drilling results on the roof and ground pressure monitoring show that the integrity of roof is strong, which is consistent with the theoretical calculations described in this study. The results presented in the study provide a basis for further investigation into strata movement theory in solid dense backfill mining.     

受风浪侵蚀后厂区大堤防浪墙基础的修复加固

嘉兴电厂一期工程的厂区大堤分为海堤段及灰堤段,总长约2.4km,分别竣工于1994年1月及1995年1月。大堤运行以来遭受过无数次大风大浪的侵蚀,尤其于1997年遭受了9711号特大台风的袭击,大堤安然无恙。但是电厂于1998年12月发现了大堤防浪墙下局部基础被淘空破坏,防浪墙沉降速率明显增加,经多方研究,实施了防浪墙下基础孔洞回填修复加固的方案,实施后效果颇佳,可供今后类似工程参考和借鉴。     

某大厦地下防空洞处理探讨

通过某大厦在基础施工时对地下防空洞的处理实例，阐述了对不同类型的人防工事进行处理的方法。     

孔内深层超强夯法处理厚层人工回填土的应用研究

介绍了孔内深层超强夯法（SDDC）的基本原理,并将SDDC工法运用于处理某机场内厚层人工回填土地基,对无机固体废料进行了资源化回收利用。通过复合地基载荷试验、标准贯入试验和重型动力触探试验对SDDC施工质量进行检测,对SDDC桩体和桩间土的承载力效果进行评价。结果表明,经SDDC工法处理后的复合地基均匀性较好,承载力显著提高,达到工程使用要求。     

条带充填开采沉陷影响因素分析

针对条带开采采出率较低、全采全充成本较高的问题,提出了一种条带开采与充填开采相结合的网状带式充填开采方法.以某矿工作面地质条件为工程背景,确定合理的工艺参数后进行了数值模拟分析.研究结果表明,在采区内煤炭资源实现全采的条件下,地表变形量也小于建筑物Ⅰ级损坏等级指标,并给出合理的采留宽及临界采留宽;且通过数值模拟分析,得...     

某铜矿不同水泥标号的分级尾砂胶结充填体力学试验研究

对42.5（R）普通硅酸盐水泥和52.5（R）普通硅酸盐水泥两种不同标号的分级尾砂胶结充填体试件进行单轴抗压强度和纵波波速测定,结果表明：52.5（R）比42.5（R）的充填体的稳定性高,所以,矿山选用52.5（R）代替42.5（R）可以降低充填体的配比,从而减少矿山水泥的使用量,达到提高经济效益的目的.