Perfusion pressure flow study in the upper urinary tract

Hydronephrosis with an undetermined pathology is a common condition detected in imaging studies. In urological clinical practice, it is a persistent dilemma to predict whether this condition will progress to result in the deterioration of renal function. Perfusion pressure flow study of the upper urinary tract, known as the Whitaker test, provides an alternative diagnostic tool for solving this condition. Perfusion pressure flow study has been criticized for its invasiveness, nonphysiological approach, and inconsistency in predicting outcomes. However, it continues to be used to evaluate difficult or equivocal cases and to provide an objective assessment of the upper urinary tract.     

Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Background

The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

Instrument-based Tests for Measuring Anterior Chamber Cells in Uveitis: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT

Purpose

New instrument-based techniques for anterior chamber (AC) cell counting can offer automation and objectivity above clinician assessment. This review aims to identify such instruments and its correlation with clinician estimates.     

Prospective comparative study of intraoperative “Towel clip test” and “Vertical patella test” assessing lateral retinaculum tightness in patients undergoing TKA

BackgroundProper patellar tracking is one of the most important aspect of TKA to ensure good functional outcome. A patellar tracking problem noted intraoperatively serves as a warning sign and should prompt the surgeon to reassess position of each component. Various tests are there to assess lateral retinaculum tightness viz. "No thumb test", "Towel clip test". A new test "Vertical patella test" is described to assess lateral retinaculum tightness. A study was conducted to assess the effectiveness, correlation and validity of two techniques.Materials & MethodsPatients >50 years of age and with diagnosis of Osteoarthritis knee having less than 30 varus and flexion deformity going in for primary TKA were selected with a sample size of 100 knees in a tertiary care centre. Revision cases or patients with flexion contracture more than 30, complex knee surgery; with pre existing patellar tilt were excluded from study.ResultsResults of both tests were found to correlate in 75% of case with sensitivity of 96.65% and specificity of 75.00%. Kappa came out to be 0.634 which shows good agreement of vertical patella test and towel clip test. Result was computed using excel and SPSS and was found to be significant with p value< 0.05. Lateral retinaculum release was done in 8 knees.ConclusionsVertical patella test correlates with towel clip test, is easy to perform and saves time. The limitation of our study was small sample size.     

物理性刺激对骨膜软骨生成的影响

目的探讨物理性刺激对骨膜软骨生成方面的影响,以期培养出一种与正常关节软骨更相似的软骨组织。方法从新西兰大白兔胫骨近端内侧取下骨膜,将骨膜固定在支架上,然后将细胞支架悬吊在旋转瓶内,用水流产生的剪切应力去刺激骨膜。通过宏观观察、体积大小测量、组织切片染色与细胞外基质(ECM)成分的比较及生物力学测试分析软骨体外生长的最佳环境。结果宏观观察发现软骨生长的方向与水流的方向相同。组织切片染色可见有两层不同形态的软骨细胞和不同密度的ECM,免疫组织化学染色见在剪切应力的刺激下,软骨表面可分泌浅层蛋白质及润滑剂,且在不同大小的剪切应力刺激时,软骨表面还会产生不同厚度的表层。结论剪切应力刺激能使骨膜上的干细胞分化形成软骨,同时证明力学环境不仅影响细胞的分化与生长,而且影响细胞的形态与ECM的分泌。     

猕猴桃汁抗环磷酰胺致突变作用的机理

目的用大鼠外周血双核淋巴细胞微核测试法（ＣＢＭＮＴ），在哺乳动物整体水平，研究猕猴桃汁抗环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）的致突变作用以及生物转化Ⅱ相酶的作用。方法测定大鼠外周血双核淋巴细胞微核细胞率及肝组织中总谷胱甘肽硫转移酶（ＧＳＴ）、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶（ＵＤＰＧＴ）、谷氨酰胺转肽酶（γＧＴ）活性。结果猕猴桃汁对ＣＰ诱发的大鼠外周血双核淋巴细胞微核细胞率有显著抑制作用，能明显诱导大鼠肝脏总ＧＳＴ、ＵＤＧＴＰ活性，但对γＧＴ活性无显著影响。大鼠外周血双核淋巴细胞微核细胞率与总ＧＳＴ、ＵＤＧＴＰ活性呈明显负相关。结论猕猴桃汁抗ＣＰ致微核形成作用的机理可能是通过诱导机体外来化合物代谢解毒酶系，加速ＣＰ的代谢灭活