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1.
Jennifer P. Friedberg Marios N. Adonis Heather A. Von Bergen Sonia Suchday 《Stress and health》2005,21(1):53-60
Exposure to trauma and stress has been linked with poor health, while forgiveness appears to be positively associated with health outcomes. The current study investigates whether traits such as forgiveness and ruminative tendencies predict levels of trauma and stress experienced by New York City residents on the 1‐year anniversary of the September 11th terrorist attack. Seventy‐one students and staff members (57 females, 14 males) of a graduate school in New York City were administered the Impact of Events Scale, the Perceived Stress Scale, and questionnaires designed for the purpose of this study to measure ruminative tendencies and forgiveness on September 11, 2002. Rumination predicted levels of trauma (p < 0.05) and perceived stress (p < 0.01). Lower levels of forgiveness predicted perceived stress (p < 0.05), but not trauma. Rumination mediated the relationship between forgiveness and perceived stress. These findings suggest that individuals with higher levels of rumination have an elevated risk of experiencing trauma and stress‐related symptoms following a traumatic event. Forgiveness is associated with lower levels of stress, but not trauma, perhaps because trauma is an extreme form of stress. Forgiveness appears to serve as a buffer against stress more so in individuals with low levels of rumination than in individuals with high levels of rumination. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
G. Wu S. F. Fan Z.-H. Lu R. W. Ledeen S. M. Crain 《Journal of neuroscience research》1995,42(4):493-503
Prolongation of the action potential duration of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons by low (nM) concentrations of opioids occurs through activation of excitatory opioid receptors that are positively coupled via Gs regulatory protein to adenylate cyclase. Previous results suggested GM1 ganglioside to have an essential role in regulating this excitatory response, but not the inhibitory (APD-shortening) response to higher (μM) opioid concentrations. Furthermore, it was proposed that synthesis of GM1 is upregulated by prolonged activation of excitatory opioid receptor functions. To explore this possibility we have utilized cultures of hybrid F11 cells to carry out closely correlated electrophysiological and biochemical analyses of the effects of chronic opioid treatment on a homogeneous population of clonal cells which express many functions characteristic of DRG neurons. We show that chronic opioid exposure of F11 cells does, in fact, result in elevated levels of GM1 as well as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP), concomitant with the onset of opioid excitatory supersensitivity as manifested by naloxone-evoked decreases in voltage-dependent membrane K+ currents. Such elevation of GM1 would be expected to enhance the efficacy of excitatory opioid receptor activation of the Gs/adenylate cyclase/cyclic AMP system, thereby providing a positive feedback mechanism that may account for the remarkable supersensitivity of chronic opioid-treated neurons to the excitatory effects of opioid agonists as well as antagonists. These in vitro findings may provide novel insights into the mechanisms underlying naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndromes and opioid-induced hyperalgesia after chronic opiatf addiction in vivo. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
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Jack C. Kim 《Archives of pharmacal research》1994,17(3):204-206
A regioselective preparation of 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine (“Apocodeine,1b”) from (R,S)-10, 11-dihydroxyaporphine(apomorphine,1a) is described. The isopropylidene ketal ring of 10,11-(isopropylidenyldioxy) aporphine (2) obtained by the isopropylidenation of apomorphine, was regioselectively opened by the ten equivalent of trimethylaluminum
to give 10-hydroxy-11-t-butyloxyaporphine (3). The free 10-hydroxyl position of 3 was methylated with methyl p-toluenesulfonate/NaH, and afforded 10-methoxy-11-t-butyloxyaporphine
(4) in high yield. Selective debutylation gave the desired 10-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine (“apocodeine”,1b) in good yield. 相似文献
5.
Hiromi Kataoka Takashi Joh Yusuke Inoue Naotaka Ogasawara Tadayuki Oshima Satoshi Tanida Makoto Sasaki Haruhisa Nakao Takahiro Nakazawa Hirotaka Ohara 《Digestive endoscopy》2006,18(4):294-297
A 75‐year‐old male was admitted to the gastroenterology unit of Nagoya City University Hospital due to epigastralgia after surgical treatment for right renal cancer. Endoscopy revealed advanced type 1 gastric cancer in the corpus of the stomach and multiple polypoid lesions in the stomach and duodenum. X‐ray examination of the small intestine using barium showed multiple polyps in the upper jejunum. Faint pigmentation on the palm was also detected. Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) was diagnosed, despite a lack of family history. Total gastrectomy, resection of part of the upper jejunum and intraoperative endoscopic polypectomy of duodenal polyps was performed. This is the second reported case of PJS associated with renal cancer. We also detected a missense mutation in the tumor suppressor gene STK11 that, when mutated, is causative for PJS. 相似文献
6.
羟甲芬太尼(I)是一个新的高强度高选择性阿片μ受体激动剂。本文用cis-A-N-[1-(2-羟基-2-苯乙基)-3-甲基-4-哌啶基]-苯胺(II)或cis-N-[1-(苯甲酰甲基)-3-甲基-4-哌啶基]-苯胺(III)作为前体合成了[11C]-羟甲芬太尼,以便用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)来观察μ受体。通过水解cis-A-羟甲芬太尼(I)和cis-N-[1-(苯甲酰甲基)-3-甲基-4-哌啶]-N-苯基丙酰胺(cis-IV)的4-N-丙酰基分别获得II和III。溴乙烷的格氏试剂与回旋加速器产生的[11C]-二氧化碳反应后继而直接加入邻苯二甲酸二酰氯和2,6-二叔丁基吡啶生成同位素标记中间体[11C]-丙酰氯。[11C]-丙酰氯与OH-前体(II)反应后再经HPLC分离纯化直接得[11C]-羟甲芬太尼;[11C]-丙酰氯与酮-前体(III)反应后,再用硼氢化钠甲醇溶液处理,然后进行HPLC分离纯化得[11C]-羟甲芬太尼。两种方法均可获得ll.1~14.8GBq/μmol的特异性放射化学纯[11C]-羟甲芬太尼。总共耗时为40~50min(EOB)。 相似文献
7.
S. Leskinen-Kallio 《Clinical physiology and functional imaging》1994,14(3):329-335
Summary. The particular advantages of positron emission tomography (PET) technique are that it has higher sensitivity, higher resolution, and a higher quality of image than that found in conventional nuclear medicine. The possibility of quantification and the wide range of useful tracers have raised expectations of this new method. To date, most of the human PET cancer studies have been performed with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) or [11CJmethionine. These are good imaging agents for tumours. However, more specific radiopharmaceuticals are required if other features of tumour metabolism are to be observed, f11Thymidine may prove to be a good tracer for quantitative measurements of tumour proliferation and [18F]misonidazole has been suggested for imaging of hypoxia. 相似文献
8.
Alan L Whone Sarah Von Spiczak Mark Edwards Enza-Maria Valente Alexander Hammers Kailash P Bhatia David J Brooks 《Movement disorders》2004,19(12):1498-1503
The opioid transmitters enkephalin and dynorphin are known to regulate pallidal output and consequently cortical excitability. Indeed, abnormal basal ganglia opioid transmission has been reported in several involuntary movement disorders, including levodopa-induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease (PD), tardive dyskinesias/dystonia, Huntington's disease, and Tourette's syndrome. Moreover, a previous 11C-diprenorphine PET study investigating levodopa-induced dyskinesias found reduced opioid receptor availability in PD with but not without dyskinesias. We wished to investigate if a similar alteration in basal ganglia opioid binding was present in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia (PTD). Regional cerebral 11C-diprenorphine binding was investigated in 7 manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene and 15 age-matched normal controls using a region-of-interest (ROI) approach and statistical parametric mapping (SPM). No difference in regional mean 11C-diprenorphine binding was found between DYT1-PTD and controls, and no correlation between the severity of dystonia and opioid binding was seen. We conclude that aberrant opioid transmission is unlikely to be present in DYT1-PTD and altered opioid transmission is not a common mechanism underlying all disorders of involuntary movement. 相似文献
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10.
目的 近年研究表明Rab11鸟苷三磷酸酶在调节各种真核细胞的膜转运通道中发挥着重要作用。但是,对于原生动物毛滴虫膜转运系统的研究仍甚少。本研究旨在克隆和分析阴道毛滴虫Rabll鸟苷三磷酸酶基因,以便进一步探讨其功能。方法 使用SMART cDNA文库构建试剂盒构建阴道毛滴虫cDNA表达文库,用生物信息学进行TvRab11同源分析,鉴定TvRab11基因,用PCR方法扩增基因组DNA,TA克隆TvRab11 cDNA、测序及序列分析。结果 在分离出的cDNA克隆中发现一个Rab11鸟苷三磷酸酶同源基因。该cDNA序列长710bp,读码框含636bp,推测蛋白质序列具211个氨基酸。序列分析表明该基因系Rab11亚家族的同源基因,其推测肽链与拟南芥Rab11c的同源性晟高(一致性60%,相似性79%),与人类Rab11b次之(一致性58%,相似性78%)。该氨基酸序列拥有Rab鸟苷三磷酸酶家族的所有保守结构域和特异性Rab结构域(RabF1-5)。进化树分析也表明该基因系Rab11的同源基因。序列分析还显示该基因的基因组DNA序列与cDNA序列完全一致.提示该基因无内含子。结论分析表明该基因是阴道毛滴虫Rab11鸟苷三磷酸酶同源基因,其功能有待进一步研究。 相似文献