固定化脂肪酶催化菜籽油合成蜡酯

以菜籽油、鲸蜡醇为原料,采用实验室自制的固定化Candidia sp.99-125脂肪酶分别在有机溶剂和无溶剂体系下合成了蜡酯,在两种体系下对影响蜡酯合成的各种因素进行了比较研究,研究表明:以正己烷为反应介质,在40℃条件下反应12h,油醇摩尔比1∶2,酶量15%(质量分数,上同),水含量7.5%,蜡酯产率可达85.87%;无溶剂体系中在50℃条件下反应20h,油醇摩尔比1∶1.5,蜡酯产率可达80.68%。通过流加鲸蜡醇可以提高酶的使用寿命。     

Performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using linseed oil as biodiesel by varying injection timing

The depletion of fossil fuels and increasing demand leads to research in alternate fuels. The alternate fuels are bio-degradable, renewable and non-toxic. Many types of oils are re-used in biodiesel production, considering their availability, among which linseed oil is the most significant one. Injection timing plays a major role among various injection parameters which affects its performance and emission characteristics. This paper focuses on experimental investigation on a single cylinder, four-stroke direct injection diesel engine with output of 5.2?kW at 1500?rpm at various injection timings, 20, 23, 26 degree BTDC for observing the performance and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine using methyl esters of linseed oil and its blends. The blends are B10, B20, and fuel characteristics are observed. The results show that when compared with diesel it gives an increase in BTHE and reduction in SFC. Both the biodiesel blends give lesser NOx. Slightly higher CO and HC emission were found. The performance and emissions were increased in when injection increased.     

Performance and emission study on the effect of oxygenated additive in neat biodiesel fueled diesel engine

This work presents the effect of the Di-tetra-butyl-peroxide (DTBP) as an oxygenated additive on neat used mustard oil biodiesel (B100) to evaluate the emission and performance engine characteristics. Four fuels, namely, diesel, biodiesel (Mustard biodiesel), a blend of B100-10percentage, and 20% by volume of DTBP (BD90DTBP10 and BD80DTBP20) are prepared and tested on a single cylinder, constant speed diesel engine. Experimental outcomes revealed that 20% of DTBP reduces 7.3% CO, 5.1% HC, and 4.6% NOx and 3.2% smoke emissions of B100. From this study, further, it is inferred that BD80DTBP20 blend could be utilized as an alternative fuel for a CI engine with no modifications in engine design.     

强碱催化棉籽油酯交换制备生物柴油的动力学

脂肪酸甲酯（生物柴油）,通常是由植物油与甲醇在催化剂作用下通过酯交换反应而得到的．生物柴油作为潜在的柴油能源替代品,以其可生物降解、可再生、尾气排放中的有毒气体（SOx等）低等诸多优点,近年来得到越来越多的重视．目前,世界各国都在积极发展生物柴油的生产和开展相应研究．     

酶催化合成混合型蔗糖酯的研究

在有机溶剂中,以脂肪酶Novo435为催化剂,使蔗糖八乙酸酯与油酸乙酯进行酯交换反应合成了同时含有油酰基和乙酰基的混合型蔗糖酯,当蔗糖八乙酸酯/油酸乙酯(摩尔比)=1:1时,油酸乙酯的转化率达95%。通过正交实验得到的适宜反应条件为:以叔戊醇为反应介质,反应温度40℃,以0.1mmol蔗糖酯计,脂肪酶用量20-60mg,分子筛用量20mg。     

Synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters in non-aqueous media byCandida sp. lipase

Alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were successfully synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of methyl glucoside, methyl glucoside, methyl galactoside and octyl glucoside with methyl oleate. The experiments were carried out in organic media with lipase enzymes fromCandida sp. as biocatalysts. Time course and the effects of temperature, solvent type, substrate concentration, added water and of immobilizedvs. nonimmobilized enzyme were studied. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were: a molar ratio of alkyl glycoside and methyl oleate of 1:4, an immobilized lipase, SP382 fromCandida sp.; benzene/pyridine (2:1, vol/vol) with no added water; temperature, 55°C; reaction time, 48 h; and shaking at 200 rpm. Acceptable levels of oleic acid incorporation (58.6–100 mol%) onto the alkyl glycosides were achieved.     

脂肪酸酯在制漆中的应用

本文简述了脂肪酸酯的历史,提出了将此原料应用于制漆时应采用的方法,分析了这种方法的可行性。例举了用脂肪酸酯制备白色氨基烘漆、蓝色聚氨酯漆及浅灰色自干醇酸磁漆的配方及涂料性能。     

麻疯树油制备生物柴油的酯交换工艺研究

以麻疯树油为原料,研究了生产生物柴油过程中的酯交换反应条件的影响及反应动力学。结果表明,酯交换反应的适宜操作条件为:油∶甲醇=1∶6(摩尔比),使用油重的1.3%的KOH为催化剂,在64℃下反应20 m in,甲酯收率达98%以上。在优化反应条件的基础上,研究了其动力学特征,32℃和51℃时的反应速率常数k分别为0.6627 L/(m in.mol)和0.9474 L/(m in.mol),反应的活化能约为Ea=15.46 kJ/mol。     

Experimental investigation of performance,combustion and emission characteristics of CI engine fuelled with chicha oil biodiesel

As the decreasing availability of the fossil fuel is rising day by day, the search of alternate fuel that can be used as a substitute to the conventional fuels is rising rapidly. A new type of biofuel, chicha oil biodiesel, is introduced in this work for the purpose of fuelling diesel engine. Chicha oil was transesterified with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst to obtain chicha oil methyl ester (COME). The calorific value of this biodiesel is lower, when compared to that of diesel. The COME and their blends of 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% with diesel were tested in a single cylinder, four stroke, direct injection diesel engine and the performance, combustion and emission results were compared with diesel. The test result indicates that there is a slight increase in brake thermal efficiency and decrease in brake-specific fuel consumption for all blended fuels when compared to that of diesel fuel. The use of biodiesel resulted in lower emissions of CO and HC and increased emissions of CO₂ and NO_x. The experimental results proved that the use of biodiesel (produced from chicha oil) in compression ignition engine is a viable alternative to diesel.     

使用有机锡/介孔炭催化剂合成碳酸二异辛酯研究

在催化剂存在下使碳酸二甲酯(DMC)与异辛醇(EHOH)发生酯交换反应合成碳酸二异辛酯(DEHC),研究了催化剂种类、有机锡负载量、反应温度、反应时间、反应物配比等因素对酯交换反应的影响。结果表明,有机锡(ClBu2SnOSnBu2Cl)/介孔炭催化剂的催化活性及选择性明显优于其他7种催化剂;有机锡最佳负载量为30%;在n(EHOH)/n(DMC)为3,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为2 h的最佳工艺条件下,EHOH转化率为67.20%,DEHC产率为62.51%。