Marmaray project: Tunnels and stations in BC contract

Istanbul is one of the most famous historical cities in the world. However, the project alignment selected as the best of a range of alignments cannot avoid passing beneath the historical and cultural heritages of Istanbul as well as under ancient and densely inhabited areas of the city. This paper will explain some of the challenges related to the bored tunnels.

Historical buildings are vulnerable. Yet many existing residential and office buildings are old and constructed on minimal foundations. As a consequence, it is vital that any drawdown of groundwater and any ground settlements have to be minimized.

In addition, the connection between the immersed and bored tunnels will be made directly and totally underground, without the usual intermediate shafts and beneath the deep waters of the Bosphorus Strait. This operation needs the utmost control of the tunnel excavation face to ensure its stability and to minimize water ingress. Based on such considerations, tunnel excavation by tunnel boring machine (TBM) using a slurry shield and having the ability to operate under high pore pressures was recommended as the method of excavation for the main running tunnels.

The paper will explain how the design team from Avrasyaconsult – the Employer’s Representative – arrived at the final minimum, specific and functional requirements of the bored tunneling works which are to be carried out using the ‘FIDIC EPC/Turnkey Project’ conditions.     

溢流堰在污雨水管道交叉处理中的应用

新建污雨水管道与已建管道交叉时,往往出现高程冲突,文章以工程实例来说明溢流堰在管道交叉处理中的应用,为解决污雨水管道高程冲突提供了一个新方法。     

Accuracy of the zero crossings of the second directional derivative as an edge detector

In this paper the accuracy of the second directional derivative edge detector is analyzed, based on a number of idealized edge models. The results are compared with those for the Laplacian edge detector. Errors are shown to be small under a number of conditions. These conditions are less severe for the second directional derivative than for the Laplacian edge detector. Spurious or phantom edges can be removed by checking the sign of the third directional derivative, though this is not enough to remove all large errors. Indeed, it is also shown that large errors will be obtained if no threshold is set on the magnitude of a third order derivative.This work was supported by the Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research (NFWO).     

On Reversible Skeletonization Using Anchor-Points from Distance Transforms

In many applications thinning of objects is of great interest. We here present a skeletonization algorithm that is based on the idea of iteratively thinning the distance transform of an object layer by layer until either an anchor-point is reached or the connectivity breaks. Our algorithm is general in the sense that any metric and any connectivity can be used. Also, it is based on ideas that are not specific for 2D. The properties of the resulting skeletons are evaluated according to the “Lee–Lam–Suen properties.”     

基于施耐德PLC的交通灯远程控制系统设计

设计了一种带有行人请求功能的交通灯远程控制系统,阐述了基于施耐德可编程逻辑控制器（PLC） Modicon M340的软硬件实现方法,同时应用配套的开发软件完成PLC程序的编写,通过硬件调试,验证系统设计的正确性,与传统交通灯控制系统相比,稳定性和抗干扰能力都大幅提高.     

Quality traits in muscle biceps femoris and back-fat from purebred Iberian and reciprocal Iberian×Duroc crossbred pigs

The present study evaluated the physico-chemical characteristics of muscle biceps femoris and back-fat from purebred Iberian (PBI) pigs and reciprocal crossbred Iberian × Duroc pigs (IB × D pigs: Iberian dams × Duroc sires; D × IB pigs: Duroc dams × Iberian sires). Muscles from PBI pigs contained significantly higher amounts of IMF, heme pigments and iron than those from crossbred pigs. In addition, muscles from PBI pigs were darker (lower L^*-values) and redder (higher a^*-values) and exhibited a more intense colour (higher chroma value) which was closer to the true red axis (lower hue value) than muscles from crossbred pigs. Back-fat from PBI pigs had significantly higher percentages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and significantly smaller percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) than those from crossbred pigs. Regarding the fatty acid profiles of the muscle lipid fractions, the genetic background particularly affected the composition of the polar lipid (PL) fraction. PL in muscles from PBI pigs contained significantly higher proportions of oleic acid and total MUFA and significantly lower amounts of arachidonic acid, certain long-chain PUFA (ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids) and total amount of PUFA than PL in muscles from crossbred pigs. The results obtained indicate that tissues from PBI pigs would be more suitable for the production of dry-cured meats than those from cross-bred pigs. The position of the dam or the sire in reciprocal Iberian × Duroc crosses had no clear effects on meat quality.     

高密度脉冲电流对服役后期高锰钢辙叉组织结构的影响

用高密度脉冲电流对服役后期的高锰钢辙叉进行表面处理,研究了对其组织结构的影响。结果表明,在较低的温度下（786 K）辙叉发生再结晶,再结晶晶粒尺寸约为29.3μm,远比处理前的晶粒尺寸小,处理后的显微硬度显著降低。在高密度脉冲电流作用下,位错运动能力、原子的扩散能力以及振动频率都提高了,从而使再结晶的形核速率显著提高,...     

江西赣江特大型河流定向穿越施工概述

文章主要介绍了江西南昌英雄大桥段赣江水平定向穿越工程的实施过程以及在工程中使用的几项关键技术。