亲子乐园空调送风方式的数值模拟研究

大型综合室内亲子乐园属于高大空间,设有游乐设施和游戏的特殊性使得对空间的舒适性要求一致,但是送风气流遇阻严重,室内存在较多气流死角,影响室内空气质量和儿童健康。因此其空调设计不仅需要考虑温度、风速的空间均匀度,还要考虑各点的空气龄和PMV-PPD指标。以天津某亲子乐园为研究对象,利用scSTREAM软件对适用于该房间的辐射供冷加新风、置换通风、混合通风三种空调方式的送风效果进行数值模拟分析,从流场的均匀性、人员的热舒适性等方面对模拟结果进行探讨,研究结果表明辐射供冷加新风方式的空间均匀性和PMV指标最佳,混合通风方式的空气龄最小。     

Velocity Profile in Fixed Beds: A Study on the Representativeness of the Experimental Measurement of Downstream Flow Characteristics

Although considerable progress has been made in the development of experimental techniques for investigating velocity distribution inside a fixed bed, these techniques were limited to special cases. Consequently, the velocity distribution is normally measured at downstream of the fixed bed and then this measurement is considered to be representative for the flow inside the bed. To evaluate the representativeness of this technique, this work presents a study of the change in the flow characteristics, starting from the boundary of the fixed bed within the pipe to a downstream position where the experimental measurement is taken, by using simulations based on computational fluid dynamics methods.     

U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应动力学研究 Ⅰ.Fe~(2+)对U(Ⅳ)-U(Ⅵ)同位素交换反应的催化作用

一、前言由于U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换体系具有相当大的同位素效应和很好的稳定性,并且容易实现两相回流,这对于分离U同位素的工业应用都是十分有利的。但是,U(IV)-U(VI)同位素交换反应速度非常慢,常温下H~+浓度为1.0—4.0 mol/l时,速度常数为1.0×10~(-4)l~2/mol·s。因此要用U(IV)-U(VI)交换体系浓缩铀同位素,必须研究U(IV)-U(VI)交换反应动力学,找到加快交换反应的方法。     

一种提高地震速度解释精度的新方法

本以利用速度谱所伴生的叠加能量，采用二次曲线插值方法，寻找最大的叠加能量有所对应时间，然后利用叠加速度进行倾角校正，相位校正和最大炮检距校正，获取比较精确的层速度参数。     

A physically based method for triangulated surface flattening

This paper introduces a new method of generating 2D flat patterns from a 3D triangulated surface by opening the bending configuration of each winged triangle pair. The flattening can be divided into four steps. First, a 3D triangulated surface is modeled with a mass-spring system that simulates the surface deformation during the flattening. Second, an unwrapping force field is built to drive the mass-spring system to a developable configuration through the numerical integration. Third, a velocity redistribution procedure is initiated to average velocity variances among the particles. Finally, the mass-spring system is forced to collide with a plane, and the final 2D pattern is generated after all the winged triangle pairs are spread onto the colliding plane. To retain the size and area of the original 3D surface, a strain control mechanism is introduced to keep the springs from over-elongation or over-shrinkage at each time step.     

Modelling velocity saturation and kink effects in p-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors

Experimental measurements and full-2D numerical simulations show that velocity saturation effects in polysilicon thin-film transistor (TFTs) cannot be neglected in order to obtain a precise modelling of output characteristics. Since full-2D numerical simulations are time consuming and unpractical for circuit simulations, we have developed a new quasi-2D model, that takes into account both velocity saturation effects and the presence of a longitudinal electric field in the Poisson's equation, and includes the effect of parasitic bipolar transistor (PBT) action to reproduce kink effect. The agreement of the quasi-2D model with experimental data from p-channel polysilicon TFTs is very satisfactory even for short channel device, and the presence of a velocity-saturated region with a nearly constant free carrier concentration is reproduced without introducing further assumptions.     

Nonaqueous Phase Liquid Pool Dissolution as a Function of Average Pore Water Velocity

Bench-scale reactor experiments were performed to study the dissolution of a binary naphthalene-in-nonane mixture nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) pool over a wide range of average pore water velocities, vx (≈0.1–60 m/day). Experimental NAPL pool dissolution flux values were determined using a steady-state mass balance approach. The experimental flux data were compared to model predictions made assuming either local equilibrium or mass-transfer limited conditions. The local equilibrium model could describe the trends in the average effluent concentration and dissolution flux with 0.110?m/day. Data determined to be under mass-transfer limited conditions were fit to the nonequilibrium model to estimate values for an overall mass-transfer coefficient. The calculated overall mass-transfer coefficients had an average value of 0.407 m/day and showed no correlation with vx, probably due to mass-transfer resistance becoming dominated by the diffusional resistance in the NAPL. These results suggest that the nonequilibrium approach is better suited for describing high velocity (vx>10?m/day) dissolution of multicomponent NAPL pools, and that flushing of groundwater at very high velocities may not be an effective approach for enhancing NAPL-pool dissolution flux.     

INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF LASER-DOPPLER VELOCIMETRY IN TWO-PHASE BUBBLY FLOWS

Understanding the dynamic phenomena of viability loss of shear sensitive cells and bubble breakage and coalescence within airlift reactors requires knowledge of local, liquid-phase hydrodynamics. The laser-Doppler velocimeter (LDV) is a non-invasive instrument which may be used to obtain this information. Experimental procedures and software were developed to detect and measure Doppler bursts in two-phase flow in a split-cylinder airlift reactor. Off-line analysis of the data indicated a detection rate approximately one order of magnitude greater than that observed using an available commercial frequency tracker. Approximately 400 to 500 observations are needed for the ensemble mean to characterize the local mean velocity to within ±5% for a superficial gas velocity of 10.4 cm/s, the highest superficial gas velocity used in these studies. The limitations, prospects, and signal-processing options for LDV in this application are also discussed     

Planar and axially symmetric slow shearing granular flows: a comparative evaluation of assembly evolution incorporating wavelet transforms

We demonstrate the enhanced capacities of our analysis toolset for three-dimensional data. In particular, we provide supporting evidence for some of the conclusions reached in our previous studies of two-dimensional avalanching heaps. Segregation by self-diffusion is shown to take place in three-dimensional assemblies and self-diffusion velocities are shown to be of a comparable order of magnitude to those found in plane-strain situations. The effect on assembly evolution by discrete avalanching of the availability of a third dimension for translation is investigated. The discrete wavelet transform is again shown to be a useful component of the toolset in coupling process variables in the context of the discrete defining events associated with assembly evolution. In particular, we move towards the determination of time constants by correlating wavelet coefficients with a time shift.     

DAMPED OSCILLATIONS IN A BINGHAM PLASTIC FLUID

Stokes' second problem, the propagation and damping of waves into a semi-infinite fluid generated by harmonic oscillations of a flat pate on the surface, is solved for the simple Bingham Theological constitutive model. The solution reveals the existence of “windows” in the distance-time-stress space in which shearing is possible whereas outside these restricted regions no shearing can occur. Within these restricted regions the wave forms developed are exponentially damped, traveling waves which propagate from the excitation plane into the fluid and disappear along definitely prescribed boundaries determined by the yield condition. The most significant consequence of the existence of these “windows” of shear is that even very small yield stresses will radically modify the induced velocity wave patterns from that which would be expected based upon the classical Newtonian fluid solution of Stokes' second problem. At least in this physical setting, it is not necessary for shear to occur globally for motion to occur anywhere, as has been postulated in some recent studies of complex motions. Thus, the motion is consistent with a simple Bingham model which does possess a yield stress.