Inhibition of acid rock drainage from uranium ore waste using a conventional neutralization and precipitation treatment

Glass columns (length 50 cm, i.d. 4 cm) containing 900 g of uranium ore waste were subjected to a three-step process: (1) acid drainage generation, (2) neutralization and precipitation treatment and, again, (3) acid drainage generation. In the first acid generation step, lasting about one year, different variables (pyrite addition, inoculation and irrigation solution) were tested by measuring effluent pH, redox potential, total iron and sulphate. Conditions of acid generation were satisfactorily reproduced, reaching stable pH values around 2.0 that were determined mainly by pyrite addition and the type of irrigation solution used (distilled water or ferrous sulphate). The neutralization and precipitation treatment consisted of alternating irrigations of a neutralizing solution (CaO saturated plus NaOH) and a precipitating solution (ferric sulphate saturated). This treatment caused accumulation of basic iron sulphate and iron oxide precipitates according to SEM studies. After this treatment, the barrier effect created by the reaction products was checked, using irrigation solutions similar to the first step. The effluents collected showed higher pH and lower redox potential, total iron and sulphate values than those observed before the treatment, evidencing inhibition of acid drainage generation.     

（E）-2-壬烯酸合成方法的改进

(E)-2-壬烯酸是有机合成的一种重要中间体,我们利用Knoevenagel反应机理,改进了(E)-2-壬烯酸的合成工艺,在不使用脱水剂条件下,使用少量吡啶作催化剂,获得了83%的反应收率。     

An effective rhodium catalyst system on the synthesis of acetic acid from methyl formate

Rh/Lil/SnR₄ is an effective catalyst system for the conversion of methyl formate to acetic acid under carbon monoxide pressure. The effects of solvent and initial CO partial pressure on the turnover rate of the reaction were investigated. The possibility of replacing some of the iodide promoters by tin compounds has been probed.     

柠檬酸月桂醇酯的合成

介绍了柠檬酸月桂醇酯的合成方法,并经正交实验得出合成的最佳工艺条件:反应温度132℃,反应时间120min,月桂醇/柠檬酸=1:1(mol比),催化剂用量:0.2g。     

气—液式热管换热器在硫酸工业中的应用研究

本文研制的气－液式热管换热器应用于硫酸生产中ＳＯ３气体的余热回收。它具有传热性能好、流动阻力小、寿命长、体积小、节能效果显著和易清垢等优点。     

Sorption of Acid Green 25 on chitosan: Influence of experimental parameters on uptake kinetics and sorption isotherms

Acid Green 25, which is a diazoic dye bearing two sulfonic groups, is efficiently sorbed on chitosan. The protonation of chitosan may explain the electrostatic attraction of this anionic dye and that its optimum pH is close to 3. Preliminary protonation of amine groups (obtained by contact with a sulfuric acid solution) reduced the variation of solution pH following sorbent addition but significantly reduced sorption performance: the maximum sorption capacity of raw chitosan, 525 mg dye/g (0.84 mmol dye/g), was halved by acidic preconditioning. The acidic conditioning also reduced the kinetic rate—the time necessary to reach equilibrium increased up to threefold depending on the experimental conditions. The size of sorbent particles influenced sorption kinetics and equilibrium because of resistance to intraparticle diffusion, but the sorption appeared to occur not only at the surface of the sorbent but also in the intraparticle network of the polymer. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1073–1080, 2003     

丙烯酸树脂涂料的近期进展

介绍了丙烯酸树脂涂料的国内外发展的概况及其性能和应用.提出了我国发展丙烯酸树脂涂料的建议。     

Production of biodiesel from waste fryer grease using mixed methanol/ethanol system

Transesterification of waste fryer grease (WFG) containing 5–6 wt.% free fatty acid (FFA) was carried out with methanol, ethanol, and mixtures of methanol/ethanol maintaining the oil to alcohol molar ratio of 1:6, and initially with KOH as a catalyst. Mixtures of methanol and ethanol were used for transesterification in order to use the better solvent property of ethanol and rapid equilibrium using methanol. Formation of soap by reaction of FFA present in WFG with KOH instigated difficulty in the separation of glycerol from biodiesel ester. To untangle this problem, two-stage (acid and alkali catalyzed) method was used for biodiesel synthesis. More than 90% ester was obtained when two-stage method was used compared to ∼ 50% ester in single stage alkaline catalyst. In the case of mixed alcohol, a relatively smaller amount of ethyl esters was formed along with methyl esters. Acid value, viscosity, and cetane number of all the esters prepared from WFG were within the range of the ASTM standard. Esters obtained from WFG showed good performance as a lubricity additive.     

腐植酸用于中央空调定期水质稳定处理

通过对腐植酸的应用试验 ,阐述了腐植酸有良好的阻垢、缓蚀性能 ,应用于中央空调循环水系统能取得良好的经济效益。     

Formation of Ketoacids in Ozonated Drinking Water

Three ketoacids; glyoxylic acid, pyruvic acid and ketomalonic acid, were identified in ozonated drinking waters and fulvic acid solutions using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It was found that the concentrations of ketoacids were much higher than those of aldehydes in ozonated waters. The significance of ketoacids in finished drinking waters is discussed.