参芪花粉片生产工艺改进探究

为了减少工艺流程、提高生产效率和产品质量,对参芪花粉片生产工艺的发酵法破壁和灭菌两个环节进行了研究与改进.采用75%的乙醇水溶液作为花粉破壁、制粒的润湿剂,同时又兼作灭菌剂,提出了采用有机溶剂加胶体磨的新工艺方法替代直接发酵法对花粉进行破壁.通过改进工艺,主要工艺由5步减少到4步,工时显著减少,灭菌效率显著提高,生产成本降低,产品的外观和品质得到了改善;并且新工艺可提高片剂的稳定性和有效成分的均匀度.     

油菜和荷花蜂花粉提取物的抗氧化性研究

采用超声法,分别以甲醇、水为溶剂提取油菜和荷花的蜂花粉活性成分,通过测定油菜和荷花蜂花粉的提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基的清除率及对脂质过氧化的抑制率,评价两种蜂花粉的抗氧化能力。结果表明:两种蜂花粉提取物均具有较强的抗氧化作用,油菜蜂花粉提取物比荷花蜂花粉提取物有更强的抗氧化性。油菜蜂花粉甲醇提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基阴离子自由基清除率可达到83.2%,99.2%,对脂质过氧化的抑制率可达到92.2%。将蜂花粉抗氧化提取物分为甲醇部、水部溶剂萃取物,经抗氧化活性比较,其强弱顺序为甲醇部>水部。     

Taxonomic importance of pollen morphology in Veratrum L. (Melanthiaceae) using microscopic techniques

Previous studies reported that intrageneric relationships of genus Veratrum of family Melanthiaceae are controversial and hard to delimit. Therefore, we observed the pollen morphological features of six species in the genus Veratrum in detail using both light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy and investigated their significance for Veratrum taxonomy. Among them, five were studied for the first time. The results demonstrated that pollen grains of Veratrum are medium in size with P/E being 0.31–0.60. Three types of shape in polar view have been observed elliptic, long‐elliptic, or wide‐elliptic with blunt or rounded at both ends. Two types of width of colpus reported narrow or wide, two types of depth of colpus reported deep or flat, and two types of length of colpus reported extend almost or do not extend to the ends, whereas two types of colpus membranes reported absent or obvious. One type of surface ornamentation was noted as reticulate. These results support species Veratrum album and Veratrum lobelianum as well as Veratrum grandiflorum and Veratrum oxysepalum as two independent species, respectively, rather than classifying Veratrum into two sections. Overall, we demonstrated that the ratio of polar axis length to equatorial axial length, pollen characteristics at the polar view, the colpus morphology, and the surface ornamentation of pollen grains of genus Veratrum have important systematic significance in identification and delimitation of species.     

Light‐Induced Surface Modification of Natural Plant Microparticles: Toward Colloidal Science and Cellular Adhesion Applications

Playing an instrumental role in the life of plants, pollen microparticles are one of the most fascinating biological materials in existence, with abundant and renewable supply, ultrahigh durability, and unique, species‐specific architectural features. Aside from their biological role, pollen microparticles also demonstrate broad utility as functional materials for drug delivery and microencapsulation, and increasingly for emulsion‐type applications. As natural pollen microparticles are predominantly hydrophobic, developing robust surface functionalization strategies to increase surface hydrophilicity would increase the range of colloidal science applications, including opening the door to interfacing microparticles with biological cells. This research investigates the extraction and light‐induced surface modification of discrete pollen microparticles from bee‐collected pollen granules toward achieving functional control over the responses elicited from discrete particles in colloidal science and cellular applications. Ultraviolet–ozone treatment is shown to increase the proportion of surface elemental oxygen and ketones, leading to increased surface hydrophilicity, enhanced particle dispersibility, tunable control over Pickering emulsion characteristics, and enhanced cellular adhesion. In summary, the findings demonstrate that light‐induced surface modification improves the functional properties of pollen microparticles, and such insights also have broad implications across materials science and environmental science applications.     

用不变矩实现花粉粒显微图像的归一化

显微图像易受光照、视角、方位、噪声等的影响.在这些因素的作用下,同一类显微图像的不同变形体差距有时大于另一类图像,因此进行显微图像识别以前需要进行图像的归一化.本文推导了基于变形雅可比(p=4,q=3)-傅立叶矩的草药花粉粒显微图像的归一化标准,并对8种中蒙花药显微特征图像进行归一化实验,发现同一种花粉粒图像不同变形体归一化后的矩值方差明显小于归一化前.另外,用加权最小平均距离分类器对320个花粉粒归一化显微图像进行初步识别实验,平均识别率达97.4%.     

Possibility of Japanese Cedar Pollen Causing False Positives in the Deep Mycosis Test

Because Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) contains beta-1,3-d-glucan (BG), there is concern that its lingering presence in the atmosphere, especially during its scattering period, may cause false positives in the factor-G-based Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay used to test for deep mycosis (i.e., G-test). Hence, we examined whether the LAL assay would react positively with substances contained in JCP by using the G-test to measure JCP particles and extracts. BG was purified from the JCP extract on a BG-specific affinity column, and the percentage extractability was measured using three different BG-specific quantitative methods. The G-test detected 0.4 pg BG in a single JCP particle and 10 fg from a single particle in the extract. The percentage extractability of JCP-derived BG was not significantly different among the three quantitative methods. As the JCP particles should technically have been removed during serum separation, they should be less likely to be a direct false-positive factor. However, given that the LAL-assay-positive substances in the JCP extract were not distinguishable by the three BG-specific quantitative methods, we conclude that they may cause the background to rise. Therefore, in Japan false positives arising from JCP contamination should be considered when testing patients for deep mycosis.     

激光扫描共聚焦显微镜的基本原理及其使用技巧

介绍了激光扫描共聚焦显微镜(laser scanning confocal microscopy,LSCM)的原理和构造,分析了LSCM的优点和缺点,并以花粉为例,详细介绍了共聚焦针孔直径、光电倍增管检测器增益、激光强度、扫描速度、扫描方式和Z轴步距等重要参数设置对共聚焦成像的不同影响。探讨了正确使用LSCM的方法与技巧,如获取高质量的图像、图像保存及图像处理,以便为科技人员利用LSCM开展更多植物学与环境科学相关的研究提供参考。