网络化制造中基于STEP-NC的编程方法

STEP-NC是由欧美提出的新的数控接口标准，目的是取代旧的数控标准ISO6983。本文首先分析了STEP-NC的两种应用标准：ISO14649（ARM）和STEPAP238（AIM），并且分析了Part21和Part28的应用领域及Part21文件格式和其中的信息产生方法。然後介绍了ST-Developer环境下ROSEC＋＋颠库编程接口及其应用程序的早、晚编联方式，并且以此为基础设计了整个程序的编程流程，重点介绍了工艺规划设计。最后给出了在C＋＋编程环境下利用ROSE库函数写入形成STEP AP238文件的方法。     

基于SDAI的STEP-NC解释器的研究

通过分析STEP-NC数据模型及加工程序结构,构造利于加工信息表述的系统核心数据结构,并且给出了系统框架关于时间和空间的数据流模型,提出基于SDAI的STEP-NC解释器系统框架结构,最后开发了原型系统,并就STEP-NC标准草案的实例加以论证.     

面向特征的STEP-NC加工方法研究

介绍了STEP-NC数据结构的基本特征，分析了STEP-NC控制器的功能结构，研究了从STEP-NC文件中直接提取制造信息并在实验平台上进行实际加工的基本方法，建立了基于特征的数控加工系统，提出了相应的实现方法和技术。最后在VC＋＋6．0和ST-Developer10集成环境下，利用开放式三维实验平台提供的运动控制器函数库和动态连接库，开发了一个基本的STEP-NC控制平台，其基本功能包括STEP-NC文件的翻译、制造信息的提取、执行和控制等，并能以特征为单位进行加工实验。     

Strategic advantages of interoperability for global manufacturing using CNC technology

In the domain of manufacturing, computer numerically controllers (CNC) technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of the enterprises. The advances in CNC technology coupled with enhancements in computing systems have provided the basis to re-examine the way in which computer-aided systems (CAx) can be used to enable global manufacturing. Interoperability of the various components of the CAx chain is therefore a major prerequisite for manufacturing enterprises for becoming strategically agile and consequently globally competitive. Being interoperable, resources can be utilized interchangeably in a plug-and-produce manner. Over the last 8 years the eminence of a STEP standard for machining entitled STEP-NC (numerical control) has become a well-known vehicle for research to improve the level of information availability at the CNC machine tool. In this paper, the authors introduce the background to the evolution of CNC manufacturing over the last 50 years and the current standards available for programming. A review of the literature in interoperable CNC manufacturing is then provided relating to milling, turn–mill and other NC processes. The major part of the paper provides a strategic view of how interoperability can be implemented across the CAx chain with a range of standards used to regulate the flow of information. Finally, the paper outlines the advantages and major issues for future developments in interoperability, identifying future key requirements and limiting factors.     

Developing a virtual machining model to generate MTConnect machine-monitoring data from STEP-NC

The ability to predict performance of manufacturing equipment during early stages of process planning is vital for improving efficiency of manufacturing processes. In the metal cutting industry, measurement of machining performance is usually carried out by collecting machine-monitoring data that record the machine tool’s actions (e.g. coordinates of axis location and power consumption). Understanding the impacts of process planning decisions is central to the enhancement of the machining performance. However, current methodologies lack the necessary models and tools to predict impacts of process planning decisions on the machining performance. This paper presents the development of a virtual machining model (called STEP2M model) that generates machine-monitoring data from process planning data. The STEP2M model builds upon a physical model-based analysis for the sources of energy on a machine tool, and adopts STEP-NC and MTConnect standardised interfaces to represent process planning and machine-monitoring data. We have developed a prototype system for 2-axis turning operation and validated the system by conducting an experiment using a Computer Numerical Control lathe. The virtual machining model presented in this paper enables process planners to analyse machining performance through virtual measurement and to perform interoperable data communication through standardised interfaces.     

Standard process monitoring and traceability programming in collaborative CAD/CAM/CNC manufacturing scenarios

The paper focuses on collaborative STEP-based CAD/CAM/CNC supply chains to program and automate machining process data monitoring and traceability activities. A traceability interface (traceability nc_functions) is defined for the new CNC programming standard ISO STEP-NC. CAM systems will be able to program monitoring and data access activities by inserting traceability nc_function calls in CNC programs. On the shop floor, controllers will automatically interpret these nc_functions to access process data while machining and will relate data records with the corresponding machining operations in a STEP-NC part program. With both types of information—process data and standard machining program (STEP-NC part program)—spread and technologically heterogeneous engineering systems will have full knowledge about what has happened in production. Traceability data access automation will assure data reliability. The paper describes a traceability scenario where standards such as MTConnect and ISA-95 support, rather than interfere with, the STEP-NC traceability proposal.     

基于STEP-NC的自由曲面刀具路径生成术的研究

在详细地分析了STEP-NC程序相对于G/M代码差异及优越性的基础上,深入地对基于STEP-NC的CNC系统中关键技术——刀具路径生成技术进行了研究。本文以自由曲面为例,首先分析了自由曲面如何在STEP-NC程序的表述,然后从STEP-NC程序中提取有用的信息自动生成刀具路径,最后采用仿真来验证该方法的正确性。     

基于STEP-NC的CAD/CAM与CNC系统集成的实现

针对传统数控系统的不足之处,提出了基于STEP-NC实现CAD／CAM系统与CNC系统集成的方案,介绍了STEP-NC的概念、研究状况、ISO14649标准的有关内容以及基于ISO14649标准的数据模型、数控程序,展望了STEP-NC的研究前景及面临的挑战。     

基于STEP-NC切入方式下高速铣削刀轨研究

根据STEP—NC高速铣削的不同切入方式,通过具体铣削过程中的切入角的变化对铣刀所受载荷的影响,进行了高速铣刀的有限元分析,主要解决了型腔和外轮廓周铣刀轨进刀方式的选取,对切入角的寻优自动编程技术的发展有一定的实用性。     

面向STEP-NC的数据处理与仿真平台研发

介绍了STEP-NC数据模型的基本特点，分析了数控程序中的信息类型，研究了从STEP-NC文件中直接提取制造信息的基本方法，建立了基于特征的数控加工几何仿真模型，并讨论了相应的实现方法和技术。最后在ST-Developer环境下开发了一个基本的STEP-NC支持平台，其基本功能包括STEP-NC文件的翻译、制造信息的提取、组织和图形化显示等，并能以工步为单位进行仿真。