魅力型领导与团队学习:团队目标明确度的缓冲效应

本研究采用分组回归方法,以89支学生研究项目团队作为研究对象,考查魅力型领导与团队学习间的影响关系;并检验了团队目标的明确程度对魅力型领导和团队学习间关系所起的缓冲效应.结果表明,魅力型领导有助于团队学习;另一方面,当团队目标相对明确时,魅力型领导对团队学习的积极影响效应才较为显著;而当团队目标相对不明确时,魅力型领导...     

节能减排与清洁发展机制

中国的能源利用效率不高,万元GDP能耗水平是发达国家的3到11倍.同时中国是发展中国家,完成"十一五"的节能减排目标面临巨大的资金和技术压力.清洁发展机制(CDM)是《京都议定书》规定的发达国家和发展中国家的一种国际合作方式,充分利用清洁发展机制,有助于节能减排目标的实现.     

Multifinality in implicit choice.

This research examines the possibility that people's choices in the service of an explicit focal goal may also reflect their tendency to fulfill implicit background goals and in that sense are multifinal. We carried out 5 experimental studies to investigate this notion. In Experiment 1, a primed implicit goal affected individuals' choices even when those avowedly served an explicit “focal” goal. Experiment 2 replicated this finding with a different type of implicit goals. Experiment 3 found that primed implicit goals had no effect on choices where the options that served them undermined the explicit goal. Experiment 4 found that a primed implicit goal served by a multifinal option does not privilege it over a unifinal option if that goal had been already attained by a different means. Finally, Experiment 5, via 3 types of control groups, showed that choices were affected by both the explicit and implicit goals in isolation, and they shifted toward multifinality when these goals were conjointly present. The discussion considers the integrative potential of the multifinality framework and its implications for a variety of phenomena in the domain of motivated cognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of Assigned and Participative Goal Setting on Performance and Job Satisfaction: Erratum.

Reports an error in the the article "Effects of Assigned and Participative Goal Setting on Performance and Job Satisfaction" by Gary P. Latham and Gary A. Yukl (Journal of Applied Psychology. Vol 61(2) Apr 1976, 166-171). The last paragraph in the Results section subtitled "Manipulation Check and Reliability of Measures" on page 168 was a repetition of the previous paragraph. It should be changed to read as follows: The internal consistency of the satisfaction measure was .83, The stability of the satisfaction scale, as estimated by the correlation between the before and after measures of satisfaction, was .70 (p 1977-30702-001.) Evaluated the job performance of 41 female typists under participative or assigned goal setting conditions over a 10-wk period. Significant productivity improvement occurred in both conditions during the 2nd 5 wks. There was no significant difference between conditions with respect to goal difficulty or frequency of goal attainment. Job satisfaction declined slightly in both conditions. Individual trait measures such as need for independence did not moderate the effects of either type of goal setting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Breeding goal traits accounting for feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake separately

Current breeding tools aiming to improve feed efficiency use definitions based on total dry matter intake (DMI); for example, residual feed intake or feed saved. This research aimed to define alternative traits using existing data that differentiate between feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake, and to investigate the phenotypic and genetic relationships among these traits. The data set contained 39,017 weekly milk yield, live weight, and DMI records of 3,164 cows. The 4 defined traits were as follows: (1) Feed intake capacity (FIC), defined as the difference between how much a cow ate and how much she was expected to eat based on diet satiety value and status of the cow (parity and lactation stage); (2) feed saved (FS), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted DMI, based on the regression of DMI on milk components within experiment; (3) residual roughage intake (RRI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted roughage intake, based on the regression of roughage intake on milk components and concentrate intake within experiment; and (4) residual concentrate intake (RCI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted concentrate intake, based on the regression of concentrate intake on milk components and roughage intake within experiment. The phenotypic correlations were ?0.72 between FIC and FS, ?0.84 between FS and RRI, and ?0.53 between FS and RCI. Heritability of FIC, FS, RRI, and RCI were estimated to be 0.21, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.03, respectively. The genetic correlations were ?0.81 between FS and FIC, ?0.96 between FS and RRI, and ?0.25 between FS and RCI. Concentrate intake and RCI had low heritability. Genetic correlation between DMI and FIC was 0.98. Although the defined traits had moderate phenotypic correlations, the genetic correlations between DMI, FS, FIC, and RRI were above 0.79 (in absolute terms), suggesting that these traits are genetically similar. Therefore, selecting for FIC is expected to simply increase DMI and RRI, and there seems to be little advantage in separating concentrate and roughage intake in the genetic evaluation, because measured concentrate intake was determined by the feeding system in our data and not by the genetics of the cow.     

新时期山东省生态农业产业化发展思路探析

阐述了生态农业产业化的定义、内涵,论述了发展生态农业产业化的意义和当前发展生态农业产业化面临的机遇,提出了山东省建设生态农业产业化的目标。     

科学理解邓小平同志对社会主义本质的新概括--学习邓小平社会主义本质论的思考

阐述了马克思主义创始人对社会主义的论述和邓小平同志关于社会主义本质论的基本思路,说明邓小平同志的社会主义本质论是同马克思主义一脉相通的,是马克思主义在中国发展的新阶段。科学理解这一新概括,摆脱过去认识上的误区,打破传统的条条框框,将对社会主义的认识提高到新的水平。     

DSS中模型的自动机表示方法

自动机理论是作为离散自动装置和计算机理论模型建立的 .通过研究 ,抽象定义 :模型是一个有限自动机 .为了在计算机中实现模型的自动机表示 ,选用了PROLOG语言 .一个模型用一个或多个谓词来描述 ,把它们存放在PROLOG系统的动态数据库中 ,然后用推理机进行求解 .本方法的创新之处在于把自动机的合成与简化理论应用到模型表示中 ,把人工智能技术应用到模型管理中 .