Influence of the Preheat Treatment on the Microstructure and Properties of X37CrMoV5-1 Steel

The technological properties of the hot-work tool steels depend on their microstructural quality induced by the production process and the heat treatment. One of the frequently applied methods to improve microstructure is preheat treatment. The treatment of carbonitriding X37CrMoV5-1 steel has been investigated in fluidized bed furnaces. Thickness and phase composition have been conducted using optical microscopy Neophot 32 and scanning microscopy, JEOL 5400, after etching in nital.     

Influence of the surface conditions on permeation in the deuterium–MANET system

The condition of the surfaces is of crucial importance for the deuterium permeation through materials. In this work a study of the surface constants for the adsorption (σk₁) and release (σk₂) of deuterium under different surface conditions on the martensitic steel DIN 1.4914 (MANET) has been carried out. The growth of an oxide surface layer (Cr₂O₃) of about 25–30 nm in a MANET sample, heat treated in an oxidizing environment, compared to the bare MANET that have a ‘natural' oxide of about 5 nm has provoked a reduction of both the permeation rate and the recombination coefficient (about 3 orders of magnitude). In addition, the permeation governing process has changed from diffusion-limited to surface-limited. The measurements of the permeation rate of deuterium were performed by a gas-phase permeation technique over the temperature range 574–746 K and for deuterium driving pressures in the range from 3 to 10⁵ Pa.     

裂解汽油加氢装置二段反应器缺陷分析

对中国石油吉林石化公司300 kt/a乙烯装置汽油加氢二段反应器接管与筒体焊接接头的缺陷进行详细分析。阐明了缺陷的产生是由于在焊接过程中焊缝熔合区内形成马氏体、增碳层并伴有δ-铁素体的分解而使熔合区内及焊缝处的材质脆化。由于选用焊接材料的错误,产生较高的焊接残余应力致使焊缝开裂。分析了焊缝马氏体、增碳层及δ-铁素体分解的原因。     

Austenite stability in Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys

The stability of austenite in a number of Fe–Mn–Si-based shape memory alloys has been investigated. It was found that a grain boundary precipitate of BCC structure is formed over a wide range of alloy compositions and heat treatment temperatures. This grain boundary phase has been identified as the chi (χ) phase. Although up to 3 vol.% of the grain boundary precipitate was generated by isothermal aging in the range 500–800 °C, it was found not to markedly affect the mechanical properties or the shape memory effect. Nano-indentation indicated that the hardness and strength of the parent and precipitate phase are very similar, as are their compositions.     

不同载荷下CuZnAl合金干滑动磨损性能研究

对CuZnAl（RE）形状记忆合金采用不同热处理工艺后,进行了干滑动磨损试验.在不同相变温度、不同载荷、不同磨损时间的条件下,做了CuZnAl（RE）形状记忆合金的干磨损试验,并与ZQSn5-5-5和ZQAl9-4做了对比,用电子扫描显微镜和X衍射仪对磨损表面和磨屑相组成进行了观察和检测.试验结果表明,晶粒细化与锻打能提高合金的耐磨性,合金的M相比β相耐磨,两级时效处理的合金耐磨性能优于分级淬火处理的合金.CuZnAL（RE）形状记忆合金的耐磨性优于ZQSn5-5-5和ZQAl9-4.CuZnAl（RE）形状记忆合金磨损机制主要为粘着磨损、剥离磨损和磨粒磨损.     

Dynamic recrystallization by rapid heating followed by compression for a 17Ni–0.2C martensite steel

A 17Ni–0.2C martensite steel was rapidly heated below the austenite formation temperature and deformed in compression. Continuous dynamic recrystallization was observed. The behavior is similar to that in a ferrite–pearlite steel but the onset strain is much smaller. Sub-micron ferrite grains were obtained through the dynamic recrystallization.     

TiNi基形状记忆合金马氏体相变预现象研究进展

深入了解TiNi基形状记忆合金中特定马氏体相及复杂的多步相转变出现的原因,掌握TiNi基合金的马氏体相变规律,是开发和应用TiNi基形状记忆合金的前提.从弹性常数软化、声子软化及漫散射3个方面阐述了TiNi基形状记忆合金中的马氏体相变预现象,并将之与应变玻璃现象相区分.最后指出了TiNi基形状记忆合金马氏体相变的研究方向.     

3Cr2W8V模具钢表面激光相变淬火的显微组织及耐磨性能研究

采用高功率CO2激光束对3Cr2W8V模具钢表面进行相变淬火,研究了相变强化层的显微组织与耐磨性能。结果表明：激光表面强化处理后的显微组织由品粒细小的码氏体和残余奥氏体组成,显微硬度比处理前提高了1．5倍,耐磨性能提高了1倍,同时变形小,可用于模具的表面处理。     

Comparative topographic study of surface micro‐relief of primary martensite plates in shape memory alloys with different crystalline structures

The surface micro‐reliefs of primary martensite plates, representative for two shape memory alloys (SMAs) with different crystalline structures were compared from qualitative and quantitative point of view by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. Qualitative evaluations revealed larger widths and heights of the primary plates of ε hexagonal close packed (hcp) martensite, in an Fe‐Mn‐Si‐Cr‐Ni SMA than those of β₂′ orthorhombic (9R) martensite, in a Cu‐Zn‐Al SMA. Quantitative evaluations were based on systematic dimensional measurements of the width and height of primary plate profiles. The measurements were performed on one hundred and twenty five profiles, five on each martensite plate belonging to five typical groups of primary plates, with length above 50 micrometers, of both ε hcp and β₂′ 9R martensites. In order to compare the topographies of the two types of plates a statistical evaluation of the dimensional intervals of width and height of measured plates was performed.     

Analysis of deformation induced martensitic transformation in stainless steels

Abstract

Many studies monitoring the formation of martensite during the tensile deformation of austenite report data which are, in principle, affected by both the applied stress and the resulting plastic strain. It is not clear in these circumstances whether the transformation is stress induced (i.e. the stress provides a mechanical driving force) or whether the generation of defects during deformation helps nucleate martensite in a scenario better described as strain induced transformation. The authors demonstrate in the present work that a large amount of published data relating the fraction of martensite to plastic strain can in fact be described in terms of the pure thermodynamic effect of applied stress.