对德国巴伐利亚州园林协会的系统考察

通过对巴伐利亚州园林协会的系统调研,可以看出:协会是全州范围内从事苗圃、墓地园艺、灌木园艺、观赏植物等生产经营活动的、多种不同类型的园林企业自愿加入的具有经济协会和雇主协会双重功能的协会组织;协会承担对外沟通交流与对内业务培训、咨询、研讨等多样性职责;协会设有常务理事会、理事会、会员代表大会和会员大会健全的机关;协会和其他相关机构密切合作,既可互为会员又可相互代表;协会将近1000名分散的会员组织起来,代表其政治经济利益,形成聚集优势,享受优惠服务,降低企业成本,创造新的优势,获得协同效应,提高行业知名度,促进行业发展。这对中国农民专业合作经济组织和农业协会的发展具有重要参考与借鉴。     

Is There an Image Crisis in the Spanish Vegetables?

Abstract

The Spanish horticultural sector has been adversely affected by recurring crises in the last years, showing a significant economic impact upon demand. These crises have different sources (internal and external) and origins (food safety, social, and environmental issues). However, research devoted to analyzing the nature and scope of these events and their influence on consumers’ perception is scarce. For this purpose, this research provides a conceptual framework that defines and classifies the main image crises that have affected the sector. Consequently, an exploratory study is conducted to analyze to what extent European consumers know the sector and to determine how consumer knowledge influences the Spanish product-country image. Data were analyzed using a Logit Model. Results suggest that crises have seriously affected the demand of Spanish vegetables and consumers’ perceived image. Factors affecting the sector’s image through consumer knowledge are different depending on consumers’ country-of-origin (national vs. foreign countries).     

基于CMS模型的印尼对中国园艺产品出口额增长因素分析

报告了印尼对中国园艺产品出口贸易的现状,采用2010-2014年UN COMTRADE数据,应用恒定市场份额模型（CMS模型）的简化形式,即单一市场份额模型分析印尼对中国园艺产品出口额增长的主要影响因素。结果表明印尼园艺产品出口额增长最主要的影响因素是竞争力效应,其次是结构效应,次结构效应的影响最小。从发展优势来看,商品竞争力效应和综合竞争力效应占主要的因素,其次是动态结构效应,最后是产品结构效应和增长效应。为了提高印尼园艺产品的出口额,建议印尼政府能够把出口原料转为出口半成品或最终产品,增加印尼园艺产品的出口附加值。     

中国园艺产品出口增长的成因分析——基于CMS模型的分解

中国园艺产品持续贸易顺差对于平衡农产品贸易逆差具有重要的作用。对1992—2008年中国园艺产品出口贸易变动情况进行分析,研究结果表明:世界贸易规模的扩大是中国园艺产品出口持续增长的主要原因;商品出口结构对园艺产品出口起阻碍作用,而且阻碍作用越来越明显;市场分布由阻碍作用逐渐转为促进作用,而且促进作用越来越突出;市场竞争力的下降是中国园艺产品出口放缓的主要原因,而且阻碍作用进一步加大。     

关于昆明世博园市场前景的预测

根据深圳华侨城主题公园和国内主题公园的一般发展路径所给出的参老信息,本文对昆明世博园开业高峰期以后的前景作了探索,文中阐述了行政地主题公园巨大作用,以及它的一次性特征,国内主题公园旅客市场的一般发展轨迹,与国外主题公园游客市场发民展轨迹的区别等观点,这是目前主题公园投资和经营过程中较为重要,但又展开不够的问题。     

画中山水 诗意田园——2019世界园艺博览会山水园艺轴布局设计

围绕2019世界园艺博览会山水园艺轴布局设计，结合园区总体规划和场地现状情况，运用中国传统园林设计方法，提出了“画中山水、诗意田园”的景观立意，提炼出“山、水、林、田、屋”五大造景要素，采用“延山、引水、布田、营林、接屋”的手法进行规划布局。重点对“延山”手法在深化设计中如何承接总体规划要求、划分园林空间、引导游览路线、限定视线范围及营造局部小气候等，进行具体分析。同时对“引水”“布田”“营林”“接屋”等设计过程中，如何运用传统园林文化内涵、表达传统园林意趣作了相关说明。     

关于增强高职院校园艺技术专业人才培养质量的研究

本文以高职院校园艺技术专业人才培养目标为突破口,分析人才培养中存在的问题,最后提出增强高职院校园艺技术专业人才质量的具体措施。     

园艺产品输美面临的“合规性”贸易壁垒分析

研究美国对我国输美园艺产品发起的调查案件,发现:当前我国输美园艺产品遭遇的"合规性"贸易壁垒主要集中在反倾销和技术性贸易壁垒方面,但随着贸易的发展,面临的反倾销和保障措施的压力也在加剧。为此,建议企业和政府在应对"合规性"贸易壁垒中应该有进一步作为。     

西安浐灞生态区生态治理回顾与思路——聚焦2011西安世界园艺博览会

为了迎接2011西安世界园艺博览会,西安浐灞生态区确立了都市型生态区、生态化商务城的发展方向,加快推进河流治理、生态湿地及绿地系统建设、基础设施建设和污染综合治理。在河流治理带动区域发展,新区开发支撑生态建设的建设思路引导下,加大节能减排力度,加快生态基础设施建设,完善生态建设规章制度及执法体系,完善生态管理机制。努力实现经济高增长、资源低消耗、环境污染负增长。     

How Labourers Fare in Fresh Fruit Export Industries: Lemon Production in Northern Argentina

Horticultural export industries have been acclaimed as promoting employment and growth. Critics, however, contend that most of the jobs created are low wage jobs. This article examines whether field labourers fared better than previously in a well positioned, producer-driven, innovative horticultural export industry. Our findings indicate that workers initially fared badly and we identify the strategies used to cap wages. Real wages and seasonal incomes increased significantly from 2002, but only after producers were pressured by government and the union regained political power. Contrary to expectation, escalating consumer demands for high-quality healthy fruit and responsible agronomic practices contributed to producers' response to the union's demands. We argue that the monitoring technologies and practices required by buyers allowed large producers to gain greater information about the role of field labourers in the production process and the transaction costs associated with unreliable, poorly trained occasional harvesters. Nevertheless, even after real wages rose, only few harvesting families managed to escape poverty at the height of the season.