人力资本与大学生就业——基于2010年对北京18所高校毕业生的调查

综合素质作为人力资本的核心体现,总体上不能提高就业概率,就业意愿和就业行为有助于展示人力资本价值,可提高就业率。与2008年相比,2010年综合素质和就业行为对大学生就业的作用减弱,就业意愿的作用增强,在一定程度上支持了读书无用论的观点,这会打击人力资本投资的热情,导致弃考、弃学现象,并最终影响国民素质的提高和经济的可持续发展。因此,要高度重视大学生就业问题。首先,要完善大学生就业机制,促进高素质人才顺利就业。打破体制性分割,建立全国统一的劳动力市场体系,提高社会保障的统筹层次,并加强就业服务与指导,减少交易成本,促进双方匹配。其次,要加强市场监管,规范信息发布、面试、录用等环节,确保透明、公开、公平,让拥有真才实学的优秀大学生脱颖而出。再次,要从创业教育、创业指导、创业资金等方面扶持更多的大学生创业,开辟一条增量型就业之路。     

The accountable governance of provincial governments of a Pacific island country

ABSTRACT

Using the theory of indigenous alternatives and a benchmark of indigenous financial reporting expectations, this paper examines the challenges to accountable governance of the nine provincial governments of the Solomon Islands for the years 1998 to 2017. Every provincial government consistently received disclaimed or qualified opinions from the state auditor. The author explains why the regional development of all provinces of the Solomon Islands could be improved if rudimentary forms of financial reporting were to be addressed.     

进一步提高中国花卉产业国际竞争力对策研究

进入21世纪以来,我国花卉产业一直呈现出快速发展的态势,生产规模已居世界首位,但也存在着横向扩展过快、纵向挖潜不足的问题。在国际竞争日益激烈的背景下,新兴花卉生产国哥伦比亚、肯尼亚、马来西亚已分别成为全球最大的康乃馨、玫瑰和菊花的生产、出口基地,印度、越南等国也在迅速崛起。中国花卉产业应该通过合理有效的制度创新,建立经营型行业协会,加强物流体系建设,引导资源禀赋优势向竞争优势转变。     

基于成本调查的西安市中小物流企业运行效率分析与思考

通过对西安市中小物流企业实地调查,从成本的角度出发分析中小物流企业成本构成,通过探析导致各项成本发生的原因分析中小物流企业运行效率和引致成本升高的原因,并提出提高西安市中小物流企业运行效率、降低成本的具体实施措施。     

Is China’s Manufacturing Industry Efficient? Evidence from an Energy-Rebound Effect Perspective

Majority of the increase in global energy consumption is from China; hence, studying energy issues, especially in China’s manufacturing industry (CMI), is worthwhile and of much interest in the academic field. Based on the translog cost function, we develop a research framework to study the rebound effect of CMI. Considering the effect of asymmetric energy price, we augment the energy-cost function with asymmetric influence constraint of energy price. Again, we add time series data of CMI’s capital, labor, energy, and mid-input to the model to calculate the direct rebound effect of CMI. We find that the rebound effect of CMI is 44.2%, and CMI still has large energy-conservation potentials. Based on the results of this study, some policy recommendations are provided.     

中国服务业发展悖论——基于“两波”发展模式的研究

本文借鉴最新文献对服务业发展规律的测度方法,用中国1952—2010年的地区面板数据对我国服务业比重变化的长期规律和阶段性特征进行了测度,结果认为:宏观国家层面上,我国服务业比重的变化确实有悖于世界经济整体服务化的趋势;但在地区层面上,我国服务业比重与人均GDP的关系基本符合"服务业比重随经济发展不断上升"的普遍规律,所谓经济服务化的"中国悖论"在地区层面上并不存在;对服务业发展的阶段性特征和地区差异进行分析发现,我国大部分地区仍然处于以传统服务业为主的第一波发展阶段,只有少数地区进入了以现代服务业发展为主导的第二波。文章最后对我国服务业发展规律的成因进行了一般分析和实证检验。     

The synchronization club: classification of global economic groups by inequality

We find that, from 1970 to 2006, the GDPs of 181 countries are described by a log-normal with a power law tail before 1992, but by a kinked power law distribution after 1992. In the 15 years from 1992 to 2006, there are two obvious scale-free zones for annual GDPs, ranked from the largest to smallest. If the countries in each scaling region are regarded as a group, the world is divided into two groups, each with a roughly stable number of members. The power exponents of the two groups are different and hence lead to different inequalities. Therefore, the basis for classification is the macro-consistent inequality within each group. The wealth grows in a synchronous nonlinear manner within groups that have a stable wealth distribution and rank structure. If each group is considered as a club, we name it a ‘synchronization club’.