What＇s So Special about China＇s Exports？ A Comment

Dani Rodrik argues that China's exports are unusually sophisticated for a country at its income level. He also claims that China's export sophistication reflects the government's successful industrial policy and has been instrumental in the recent acceleration of its economic growth. Although Rodrik's interpretation of China's economic growth is broadly correct, the accuracy of his empirical analysis is questionable. This note identifies several problems regarding the “export sophistication” index used in his empirical work and casts doubt on his analysis.     

Export marketing,interfunctional interactions,and performance consequences

Firms with export operations have internal environments that are often geared toward serving the home market. As a result, export marketing and other business functions compete for resources, which thus increases the likelihood of conflict between them. Using survey responses from more than 700 exporting firms, the authors test a model of the antecedents and consequences of two important interaction variables: exporting’s interfunctional connectedness and conflict. The model explains 52 percent and 49 percent of variance in exporting connectedness and conflict, respectively. The authors identify the key drivers of successful interactions as follows: management commitment, organizational training and reward systems, relative functional identification, centralization, and export employee job satisfaction and commitment. The authors also demonstrate that connectedness is most critical for export success when export markets are in a state of turbulence, whereas conflict is most detrimental when the firm’s export environment is stable. John W. Cadogan (j.w.cadogan@lboro.ac.uk), Ph.D., is a professor of marketing in the Business School at Loughborough University, United Kingdom. His primary areas of research interest are international marketing, marketing strategy, and sales management. He has published on these issues in theJournal of International Business Studies, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, Industrial Marketing Management, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theInternational Marketing Review, theJournal of Marketing Management, theJournal of Strategic Marketing, and other academic journals. He received his degree from the University of Wales (United Kingdom). Sanna Sundqvist (sanna.sundqvist@lut.fi), Ph.D., is a professor in international marketing in the Department of Business Administration at the Lappeenranta University of Technology (Finland). Her research interests deal with the international diffusion of innovations, market orientation (especially in an international context), and consumers’ adoption behavior. She has published in theJournal of Business Research, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, theCanadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, and theAustralasian Marketing Journal. She received her degree from the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Risto T. Saiminen (risto.salminen@lut.fi), Ph.D., is a professor of industrial engineering and management, especially marketing, in the Department of Industrial Engineering and Management at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. His primary areas of research interest are customer relationships and networks in business marketing, pedagogy in industrial engineering and management, and international marketing. He has published on these issues in theJournal of Business and Industrial Marketing, theJournal of Marketing Management, theEuropean Journal of Engineering Education, theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, and theAustralasian Marketing Journal. He received his degree from Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Kaisu Puumalainen (kaisu.puumalainen@lut.fi), Ph.D., is a professor in technology research in the Department of Business Administration at Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland. Her primary areas of research interest are innovation, international marketing, and small businesses. She has published on these issues in theInternational Journal of Research in Marketing, theJournal of Business Research, theEuropean Journal of Marketing, R&D Management, theCanadian Journal of Administrative Sciences, theJournal of International Entrepreneurship, theAustralasian Marketing Journal, and theInternational Journal of Production Economics. She received her degree from the Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland.     

1994-2002年人民币汇率制度及其经济绩效的实证分析

人民币实际汇率对进出口的影响较名义汇率大，汇率下降可以成功地带动出口，汇率上升也可以减少出口，但对进口影响不大。人民币汇率变动与利用外资之间没有互动关系，甚至呈现异动情况，人民币汇率变动与国内物价水平之间有较高的相关性。     

出口退税分税制:未竟的改革

2004年开始实施的旨在减轻中央政府退税负担的出口退税分税制，在执行过程中会遇到诸如地方政府财政困难而无力承担退税义务、难以有效抑制地方政府的出口冲动和跨地区退税难以协调等问题。为保证出口退税分税制的顺利实施，就要平衡地方政府的事权与财权，建立健全政府信用体系，坚持增值税征收权利与退还义务相平衡的原则，同时还要保持政策的灵活性。     

市场结构、汇率转嫁与出口

汇率变化是影响出口贸易的重要因素。在传统的国际贸易理论中,虽然对汇率变化影响出口贸易的机制进行了详细分析,但它没有考虑到市场结构的影响。本文从市场结构的角度出发,分析在不完全竞争的市场结构下,拥有市场势力的企业的决策怎样影响到汇率的变动和产品的出口。本文的研究结果表明,在不完全竞争的市场结构下,汇率转嫁是不完全的,因此,只有大的持久的汇率贬值或升值才会对出口贸易量产生明显的效应。     

中国入世后经济发展战略模式的再思考

中国入世标志着中国在走向经济全球化的道路上又迈出了关键的一步。经济全球化已成为一种不可逆转的趋势 ,现正在深刻地影响着整个世界经济运行方式 ,通过改变外部环境影响着每个国家特别是发展中国家的经济发展战略的选择和实施。尽管我国改革开放 2 0多年来实施的出口导向战略成功地发展了我国的经济 ,但是入世和经济全球化程度的加深 ,使传统的发展战略受到了挑战。本文基于经济环境变化的分析 ,提出全球化发展战略以充分利用经济全球化带来的有利的外部条件和环境。     

我国企业进出口行为与汇率关系的实证研究

本文采用协整方法分析了人民币实际有效汇率对我国企业进出口行为的影响,进而研究了人民币实际有效汇率、GDP对进出口影响的短期动态调整机制。研究结果表明,从长期来看,进出口方程的各个经济变量之间存在协整关系,即各个变量之间存在长期均衡。这说明人民币实际有效汇率对我国进出口有一定的影响,但影响相对较小,我国汇率的变化对进出口的调节作用有限。     

日本肯定列表制度对中国食品出口的影响

文章详细地解释了日本“的肯定列表制度”出台的原因及其内容,深入分析了肯定列表对我国食品出口的影响,提出了我国食品出口的应对策略。     

技术性贸易壁垒对我国出口贸易的影响及应对措施

随着经济全球化和贸易自由化进程的加快,国际贸易保护手段发生了重大变化。技术性贸易壁垒正成为贸易壁垒的主体。我国出口也因此受到了很大的影响。为此,我们应积极采取应对措施突破技术性贸易壁垒:建立出口商品预警机制;推行国际标准和国际认证;提高企业技术创新能力开辟新的市场;尽快培养出大批专门人才。     

倾销指控与出口企业营销战略

中国出口产品频繁遭遇倾销指控长期以来受到理论界的关注，大量的研究成果从不同侧面对如何应对国外倾销指控进行了探讨。频繁遭遇倾销指控与中国出口企业的营销战略存在重要联系。出口企业在产品定位、营销定价、市场选择和渠道建设等方面存在的一些问题，导致中国出口产品过于依赖低价竞争，易于引发倾销指控。为避免反倾销对出口贸易的不利影响，出口企业应主动调整营销战略。