“Lytic” lesions in autologous bone grafts: demonstration of medullary air pockets on post mortem computed tomography

Donor bone grafts are an important aspect of orthopaedic surgery. The use of plain film as a pathological screening tool before donor bone dispatch has revealed “lytic” lesions in proximal humeri. Donor demographics did not support the diagnosis of myeloma and subsequent computed tomography (CT) scans of these bones identified the lesions as air, not pathology. In total, 27 long bones were scanned and 100% (27/27 cases) exhibited air within the trabecular bone. Three distinct patterns were found: ovoid, linear/branching, and broad channel. A longitudinal course of CT scans was performed to identify at which stage air appeared within the bone. Pre-retrieval, preprocessing, and postprocessing scans revealed that air originated between the retrieval and preprocessing stages of donor bone preparation. There may be multiple aetiology of this phenomenon, including bone retrieval and natural decomposition.     

κ及λ轻链测定在多发性骨髓瘤诊断中的应用

目的：寻求准确，可靠的免疫球蛋白及κ和λ轻链测定方法，提高多发性骨髓瘤分型和鉴别诊断水平。     

Human multiple myeloma cells express peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and undergo apoptosis upon exposure to PPARgamma ligands

Multiple myeloma is essentially an incurable malignancy and it is therefore of great interest to develop new therapeutic approaches. We previously reported that human B cell-lymphomas express the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and are killed by PPARgamma ligands. Herein, we investigate the therapeutic potential of PPARgamma ligands for multiple myeloma. The human multiple myeloma cell lines ANBL6 and 8226 express PPARgamma mRNA and protein. The PPARgamma ligands, 15-deoxy-Delta12,14-prostaglandin J2 (15d-PGJ2) and ciglitazone, induced multiple myeloma cell apoptosis as determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and caspase activation. Importantly, the ability of PPARgamma ligands to kill both multiple myeloma cell lines was not abrogated by Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a multiple myeloma growth survival factor. Finally, the RXR ligand 9-cis retinoic acid (9-cis RA) in combination with PPARgamma ligands greatly enhanced multiple myeloma cell killing. These new findings support that PPARgamma ligands may represent a novel therapy for multiple myeloma.     

细胞性一氧化氮供体的建立及其对肿瘤细胞凋亡的诱导效应

目的一氧化氮（ＮＯ）供体细胞系的建立及其对肿瘤细胞凋亡的诱导效应研究。方法采用３Ｈ－胍氨酸转换法进行ＮＯ合成酶（ＮＯＳ）活性测定；亚硝酸盐检测；ＤＮＡ片段的提取及凝胶电泳分析；凋亡细胞的ＤＡＰＩ染色观察；Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ分析。结果将ｉＮＯＳ真核表达质粒、ｐＣＭＶ／ｉＮＯＳ转染至Ｓｐ２／０骨髓瘤的变异株中，并获得能稳定表达ｉＮＯＳ和合成ＮＯ的重组细胞系（ＳＰｍｔ／ｉＮＯＳ），表达ｉＮＯＳ的效率为每升培养物含４００μｇ蛋白。利用该细胞作ＮＯ细胞性供体，成功地证实ＮＯ能诱导Ｓｐ２／０骨髓瘤细胞发生凋亡。结论所建细胞性ＮＯ供体应用于ＮＯ的生物学功能研究具有ＮＯ合成稳定；更能模拟体内细胞间ＮＯ的信息传递过程；不需任何外源刺激即可合成ＮＯ等独特优点。所建ＮＯ供体细胞可以用于肿瘤细胞凋亡的研究。     

A pilot study of bortezomib in Korean patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma

Recent clinical trials showed that bortezomib, a novel proteasome inhibitor, had therapeutic activity in multiple myeloma. However, there was no data about the feasibility of bortezomib in Korean patients. We performed a pilot study of bortezomib in patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma (1.3 mg/m2 twice weekly for 2 week in a 3-week cycle). Seven patients were enrolled. The median age of patients was 59 yr. All patients previously received VAD (vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) and thalidomide chemotherapy. Three patients previously received alkylator-containing chemotherapy and 4 patients, autologous stem cell transplantation. Bortezomib monotherapy resulted in 3 partial remissions (43%), 3 no changes (43%) and 1 progressive disease (14%). One patient who had no response to bortezomib monotherapy experienced partial remission after addition of dexamethasone to bortezomib. The most common serious toxicity was thrombocytopenia (grade 3/4, 10 of 20 cycles (50%)) and grade 3 peripheral neuropathy was developed in 2 of 20 cycles (10%). Drug-related adverse event led to discontinuation of bortezomib in 1 patient. There was no treatment related mortality. Overall, bortezomib seems to be effective and feasible. Conduction of larger clinical studies on Korean patients is necessary to characterize clinical efficacy and safety of bortezomib more precisely.     

Multiple myeloma: Early vertebral involvement assessed by computerised tomography

Routine radiography is the primary method of evaluating skeletal involvement by myeloma. In contrast, radio-isotope bone scans have a low sensitivity, the medium being taken up only at sites of active or reactive bone formation. A group of six patients with multiple myeloma, established by clinical and laboratory findings, had no radiological evidence of bone involvement. Computerised tomography (CT) of the vertebral column revealed limited lytic lesions of the vertebral spongiosa in four of the patients. The three-dimensional ability of CT to look inside the vertebrae permits early detection of spinal lesions associated with myeloma. As a supplementary investigation, three additional patients, with frank radiographic evidence of extensive myelomatous bone lesions were examined similarly by CT. In these patients the technique showed involvement of the vertebral column to be more widespread and to affect many more vertebral bodies than had been evident in orthodox radiological examinations. CT permits earlier demonstration of early vertebral lesions and is more accurate in the delineation of the extent of vertebral involvement than conventional radiography.     

多发性骨髓瘤骨髓细胞学特性与预后的关系

1目的　探求多发性骨髓瘤骨髓细胞学特性与预后的关系。 2方法　回顾性调查 ,两个样本均数的 t检验 ,多个样本均数的方差分析 ,二元线性回归分析。 3结果　成浆细胞型 MM与幼浆细胞型 MM比较 ,生存期差异显著 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,而各骨髓有核细胞增生程度间的 MM生存期则差异无显著性 (P>0 .0 5 ) ,瘤细胞比例的高低与生存期呈直线负相关。 4结论　幼浆细胞型 MM和瘤细胞比例高的 MM预后差     

多发性骨髓瘤浆细胞核中AgNOR检测的临床意义

为研究多发性骨髓瘤（MM）与反应性浆细胞增多症（RP）、MMIB与MMNA以及MM治疗前后的骨髓浆细胞嗜银蛋白染色（AgNOR）形态颗粒数量的变化,用AgNOR技术．测定各级AgNOR形态及颗粒数量。结果显示,AgNOR形态在MM组中有单一型、弥漫型、聚集型、核仁形,在RP组中只有单一型,AgNOR颗粒均数在MM组中为6．21±4．12,RP组为202±063,两组间有非常显著性差异（P＜0．001）;MMⅢB和ⅢA组,形态及颗粒均数无差异。17例MM治疗前、后各种形态中颗粒比较差别有显著性（P＜0．001）。提示骨髓中浆细胞AgNOR形态及颗粒数量对鉴别良、恶性浆细胞具有一定临床意义,同时也证实了AgNOR法对了解MM中浆细胞增殖水平及预后是一个简单有效的参考指标。     

Leptomeningeal myelomatosis mimicking a subdural haematoma

We report a rare appearance at presentation of meningeal myelomatosis without bone involvement, in the form of an extra-axial mass of mixed density, resembling a chronic subdural haematoma. Received: 24 September 1999/Accepted: 12 January 2000     

以硼替佐米为主的方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤23例

目的:观察以硼替佐米为主的方案治疗多发性骨髓瘤(MM)的疗效及不良反应。方法:23例MM患者(初诊MM13例,难治复发MM10例)采用以硼替佐米为主的化疗方案治疗,每个患者接受1～6个疗程的化疗。采用EMBT标准评价疗效,按照美国国立癌症研究所常规毒性判断标准(NCI CTCAE3.0)判断不良反应。结果:中位随访13个月(2～30个月),完全缓解(CR)3例(13.0%),接近CR(nCR)1例(4.3%),部分缓解(PR)7例(30.4%),轻微反应(MR)6例(26.1%),总有效率(ORR=CR+nCR+PR+MR)73.9%。在初诊组及难治复发组、ISS分期Ⅱ期及Ⅲ期、肾功能不全及肾功能正常MM中,CR/nCR率和ORR差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主要不良反应为感染、血液学毒性、外周神经病变、腹泻及乏力,多数易于控制。结论:硼替佐米为主的方案治疗MM有效率高,多数不良反应可以耐受。