Lipid extract from completely sporoderm‐broken germinating Ganoderma sinensis spores elicits potent antitumor immune responses in human macrophages

Ganoderma sinensis has been used widely in Oriental countries for the prevention and treatment of various diseases including cancer. Previous studies have shown that the lipid extract from Ganoderma exhibits direct cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Here, it is reported that the lipid extract from germinating G. sinensis spores, at lower concentrations that have no direct tumoricidal activity, induce potent antitumor immune responses in human monocytes/macrophages. Upon stimulation with the lipid extract, monocytes/macrophages exhibited markedly increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of costimulatory molecules. Conditioned medium from stimulated cells effectively suppressed the growth of tumor cells. Apparently, the lipid extract triggered macrophage activation via a mechanism different from that associated with LPS. Moreover, it was observed that the lipid extract could partially re‐establish the antitumor activity of the immunosuppressive tumor‐associated macrophages. These results indicated that in addition to its direct tumoricidal activity, the lipid extract from G. sinensis spores could exert antitumor activity by stimulating the activation of human monocytes/macrophages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

灵芝菌合剂中灵芝多糖含量的测定

目的：探讨灵芝菌合剂中灵芝多糖含量的检测方法。方法：采用分光光度法，以无水葡萄糖为对照品，检测波长为490nm。结果：此方法在0～120μg范围内线性关系良好，灵芝多糖的平均回收率为99．09%。RSB为1．14％。结论：本法简便快捷，准确度高，重现性好，可作为本制剂的质控方法。     

赤灵芝的致突变性试验

使用赤灵芝的水提取液、乙醇（３０％）提取液进行鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复、小鼠骨髓多染红细胞微核和雄小鼠精子畸变等三种致突变试验。剂量为１０００μｇ．皿＾－１和５０００μｇ／皿＾－１的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌回复试验的结果为阴性。小鼠在服用７５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的水提取液或２５００ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１的醇提取液时，微核试验和精子畸变试验结果均为阴性。     

催化光度法测定灵芝中微量锌

目的　研究催化光度法测定灵芝中微量锌。　方法　在非离子表面活性剂 Tween- 80存在下 ,于 p H9.5 0 NH3- NH4 Cl缓冲溶液中 ,Hg( )催化加速 Zn( )与 meso- 4 (4 -甲基 ,3-磺基苯基 )卟啉 (TTPS4 )的显色反应。　结果　 Zn( )与 TTPS4 、Tween- 80形成很稳定的三元配合物 ,其ε=3.86× 10 5,Zn( )浓度在 0 .0 0 5～ 0 .10μg/ m L,符合比尔定律 ,检出限为 0 .0 0 1μg/ m L。　结论　 Tween- 80对 Zn( )与 TTPS4 显色有增敏 ,而 Hg( )催化加速 Zn( )与 TTPS4 显色反应 ,应用本法可直接测定灵芝中的微量锌     

Significance of sampling height of airborne particles for aerobiological information

Pollen and spore counts from Burkard traps for routine pollen and spore sampling placed at 15 m above ground and at ground level were compared. Daily counts of most pollen types were higher on the ground than at roof level, but the counts were significantly correlated. The ratios of pollen frequencies at high and low levels varied between 1.0 and 11.5. The most prominent differences were recorded for herbaceous pollen (e.g. Artemisia counts 11.5 and Poaccae counts 4.4 times higher at ground level) and in Botrytis and Ustilaginales spores. Tree pollen grains and basidiomycetous spores were more equally distributed. Wind speed did not affect the variation of pollen frequencies at either height. Large spores are not so unevenly distributed as previously supposed. Artemisia and grass pollen was detected 1 to 2 weeks earlier at ground level than on the roof. It is therefore concluded that especially the beginning of flowering should be monitored at a low level.     

生孢梭菌孢子作为生物指示剂用于残存概率灭菌工艺验证的可行性

测定并分析生孢梭菌孢子在不同介质及不同温度下的耐热参数，评价生孢梭菌孢子的耐热特性及其作为生物指示剂在残存概率湿热灭菌工艺验证中的应用。     

灵芝促学习记忆及抗衰老作用实验研究

目的 :研究灵芝对血虚小鼠自发行为、学习记忆及抗衰老作用。方法 :血虚小鼠用灵芝水煎剂 ,对照组小鼠用生理盐水灌胃 ,连续 13d,期间进行小鼠开场行为和学习记忆的测定 ,以及小鼠应急力竭游泳后 2 4 h分别对小鼠脑、肝的超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的活性 ,脑、肝、心、脾、肌的丙二醛 (MDA)、脂褐素 (L PF)含量进行测定。结果 :灵芝对血虚小鼠开场行为中的理毛次数有显著影响 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,但对移动隔数、站立次数以及学习记忆未产生显著影响。灵芝能显著提高血虚小鼠脑、肝中的 SOD活性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,显著降低脑、肝、心、脾、肌的 MDA、L PF的含量 (P<0 .0 5 )。结论 :灵芝可促进血虚小鼠的自发活动 ,且抗衰老作用显著     

赤灵芝对小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响

目的 :探讨百色灵芝对正常小鼠和免疫抑制小鼠非特异性免疫功能的影响。方法 :用不同剂量赤灵芝液给正常小鼠和环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠灌胃 ,检测小鼠免疫器官重量和巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结果 :赤灵芝水煎剂对正常小鼠非特异性免疫功能无显著影响 ,但能显著增加环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠的胸腺和脾脏重量及胸腺指数和脾指数 ,增加巨噬细胞吞噬功能。结论 :赤灵芝对正常小鼠免疫功能无显著影响 ,对环磷酰胺免疫抑制小鼠的非特异性免疫功能具有正调节作用。     

富锗灵芝菌丝体氨基酸及超氧化物歧化酶含量的测定

目的:测定富锗灵芝菌丝体氨基酸及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的含量,探讨培养基中GeO2的最适加量。方法:高效液相色谱仪分析氨基酸,氯化硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)光化还原法测定SOD的含量。结果:培养基中添加400 mg.L-1的GeO2,灵芝菌丝体中氨基酸含量比对照提高54.34%,SOD提高16.73%。结论:为富锗灵芝菌丝体的应用奠定基础。