Differentiating autoimmune pancreatitis from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with CT radiomics features

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT)-based machine learning of radiomics features could help distinguish autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) from pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).Materials and MethodsEighty-nine patients with AIP (65 men, 24 women; mean age, 59.7 ± 13.9 [SD] years; range: 21–83 years) and 93 patients with PDAC (68 men, 25 women; mean age, 60.1 ± 12.3 [SD] years; range: 36–86 years) were retrospectively included. All patients had dedicated dual-phase pancreatic protocol CT between 2004 and 2018. Thin-slice images (0.75/0.5 mm thickness/increment) were compared with thick-slices images (3 or 5 mm thickness/increment). Pancreatic regions involved by PDAC or AIP (areas of enlargement, altered enhancement, effacement of pancreatic duct) as well as uninvolved parenchyma were segmented as three-dimensional volumes. Four hundred and thirty-one radiomics features were extracted and a random forest was used to distinguish AIP from PDAC. CT data of 60 AIP and 60 PDAC patients were used for training and those of 29 AIP and 33 PDAC independent patients were used for testing.ResultsThe pancreas was diffusely involved in 37 (37/89; 41.6%) patients with AIP and not diffusely in 52 (52/89; 58.4%) patients. Using machine learning, 95.2% (59/62; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.8–100%), 83.9% (52:67; 95% CI: 74.7–93.0%) and 77.4% (48/62; 95% CI: 67.0–87.8%) of the 62 test patients were correctly classified as either having PDAC or AIP with thin-slice venous phase, thin-slice arterial phase, and thick-slice venous phase CT, respectively. Three of the 29 patients with AIP (3/29; 10.3%) were incorrectly classified as having PDAC but all 33 patients with PDAC (33/33; 100%) were correctly classified with thin-slice venous phase with 89.7% sensitivity (26/29; 95% CI: 78.6–100%) and 100% specificity (33/33; 95% CI: 93–100%) for the diagnosis of AIP, 95.2% accuracy (59/62; 95% CI: 89.8–100%) and area under the curve of 0.975 (95% CI: 0.936–1.0).ConclusionsRadiomic features help differentiate AIP from PDAC with an overall accuracy of 95.2%.     

护理干预对放疗科头颈部肿瘤放疗患者生活质量的影响

目的本文主要研究和探讨护理干预对放疗科头颈部肿瘤放疗患者生活质量的影响。方法将我院2017年2月份至2018年10月份收治的100例头颈部肿瘤放疗患者作为本次研究的对象,在随机原则的指导下把100例患者分为对照组和实验组,每组患者的数量为50例。对照组患者给予常规护理,实验组患者实施护理干预,对两组患者的生活质量、睡眠质量、护理满意度和护理依从性等进行对比分析。结果在生活质量、睡眠质量、护理满意度和护理依从性等方面,组间进行对比分析,实验组都明显优于对照组,P<0.05差异具有统计学意义。结论对头颈部肿瘤放疗患者实施护理干预可以让患者的生活质量、睡眠质量、护理依从性以及护理满意度等都得到显著的改善,从而让患者以一种积极、乐观的心态接受放疗,这对于放疗效果的提高具有重要的作用。总之,这一护理模式应该在临床中进行推广和使用。     

硒蛋白P在直肠癌中的表达及临床意义

目的应用免疫组织化学染色的方法检测硒蛋白P在直肠癌组织中的表达,以探讨其与直肠癌发生的关系及临床意义。方法收集山西大医院2013年6月至2014年5月间行手术治疗并经病理证实的60例直肠癌组织、40例直肠腺瘤组织、40例正常直肠组织,应用SABC法检测上述组织中硒蛋白P的表达情况,结果依据阳性细胞百分率和染色强度进行评价,三组间样本率的比较采用无序行×列表?2检验(α=0.05),两组间样本率的比较采用独立样本?2检验(α=0.016 7),硒蛋白的表达与直肠癌临床病理参数的关系采用四格表?2检验(α=0.05)进行分析。结果硒蛋白P在正常直肠组织、直肠腺瘤组织、直肠癌组织中的表达阳性率分别为82.5%(33/40)、70.0%(28/40)、45.0%(27/60),组间差异有统计学意义(?2=15.680,P<0.001),癌组织与正常组织、腺瘤组织间差异显著(?2=14.063,P<0.001;?2=6.061,P=0.015);硒蛋白的表达与肿瘤大小、是否浸润浆膜有关(P<0.05),与性别、年龄、淋巴结有无转移、肿瘤细胞分化程度、TNM分期无关(P>0.05)。结论硒蛋白在直肠癌中低表达,对直肠癌的发生发展具有重要作用,有望为直肠癌的治疗提供新思路。     

Clinicopathological characteristics and perineural invasion in adenoid cystic carcinoma: a systematic review

IntroductionAdenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent malignant tumor of the submandibular gland and the minor salivary glands. It is a malignant neoplasm that, despite its slow growth, shows an unfavorable prognosis.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the literature on Adenoid cystic carcinoma in the head and neck region and its clinicopathological characteristics, with emphasis on the perineural invasion capacity of the tumor.MethodsA systematic search of articles published between January 2000 and January 2014 was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE, SciELO, Science Direct, and Scopus databases.ResultsNine articles were selected for this systematic review. These demonstrated that the female gender was more often affected and that malignant tumors showed a high rate of distant metastasis, recurrence, and a low survival rate. The presence of perineural invasion ranged from 29.4% to 62.5% and was associated with local tumor recurrence.ConclusionAdenoid cystic carcinoma is commonly characterized by the presence of pain, high rate of recurrence, metastasis, and a low survival rate. Reporting studies with patient follow-up is of utmost importance for a better clinical-pathological understanding and to improve the prognosis of this pathology.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术中意外胆囊癌12例诊治分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)中意外胆囊癌(unexpected gallb ladder carc inom a,UGC)的处理措施。方法:回顾分析本院955例LC术中遇到的12例(1.26%)UGC的临床资料。结果:随诊3~36个月,平均18个月。迄今全部存活。5例PT1、5例PT2、1例PT3(中转开腹)随访至今未发现癌复发及转移。1例PT2因拒绝根治术,现出现肝多发转移。1例PT4因腹腔种植转移,无法根治,故仅部分切除胆囊(胆囊粘连重),以解决急性胆囊炎问题,现有腹水、恶液质表现。所有病例均未见脐部戳孔处肿瘤种植转移。结论:LC术中应常规切开胆囊标本,必要时送术中冰冻。PT1单纯切除胆囊已足够;PT2要额外楔形切除肝组织及区域淋巴结;PT3中转开腹,行根治手术或姑息手术。     

直肠癌切除前后腹腔冲洗液脱落细胞学对比研究

目的研究直肠癌术中腹腔多次冲洗，对于降低患者腹腔内脱落癌细胞阳性率的临床意义。方法对63例直肠癌患者术中腹腔冲洗分6次进行，肿瘤切除前3次，切除后3次；将6次腹腔冲洗液行常规病理学涂片细胞学检查结果进行对比。结果肿瘤切除前，全组患者腹腔冲洗液脱落癌细胞均呈阳性表达。肿瘤切除后第1次腹腔冲洗液脱落癌细胞阳性40例，第2次阳性33例，第3次阳性13例。肿瘤切除后第1次冲洗液的脱落癌细胞阳性结果与切除后第2次冲洗液阳性结果比较，P〉0.05，差异无统计学意义；但第3次冲洗液的脱落癌细胞阳性结果与第2次比较，P〈0.01，差异有统计学意义。结论对直肠癌患者进行术中多次腹腔冲洗可降低腹腔内脱落癌细胞的阳性率。     

MR T2加权成像显示胆囊壁增厚点状高信号的意义

目的研究病理组织学证实的胆囊腺肌瘤病、慢性胆囊炎和管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌在MRL加权成像（T2WI）显示病变胆囊壁点状高信号的特征。方法38例患者（胆囊腺肌瘤病16例，慢性胆囊炎13例，管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌9例），每例均进行了MR常规T1WI、常规T2WI和3mm薄层T2WI及MR胰胆管成像（MRCP）。所有患者均接受了胆囊切除手术。2名高年资放射科医生共同分析不同序列MRI，观察胆囊壁增厚及T2WI显示病变胆囊壁点状高信号的不同表现，将观察结果与病理组织学检查所见对照。结果所有患者的胆囊壁均明显增厚，厚度范围5～15mm，平均9mm。T2WI显示病变胆囊壁存在各种各样的点状高信号，在胆囊腺肌瘤病，点状高信号分布于整个增厚的胆囊壁，且数量较多（5～15个／cm^2），较大（直径2～7mm），边界清楚，呈现中等至明显高信号；在慢性胆囊炎，点状高信号主要位于增厚胆囊壁的黏膜侧，数量较少（3～5个／cm^2），较小（直径2～4mm），边界清楚，呈中等至明显高信号；在管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌，点状高信号边界欠清，呈现稍高信号，其数量和大小差异较大，分布范围取决于癌组织浸润胆囊壁的深度。结论胆囊腺肌瘤病、慢性胆囊炎和管壁增厚型胆囊腺癌在T2WI呈现的点状高信号有一定差别，正确识别这些点状高信号的特征有助于鉴别诊断良恶性胆囊壁增厚。     

Predictors of long-term survival in patients with gallbladder cancer

The aim of this study was to examine the predictors of long-term survival (>24 months) in patients with gall bladder cancer. A retrospective review of 117 cases of gall bladder cancer resected between 1989 and 2000. The resections included 80 simple cholecystectomies and 37 extended procedures. Patients with survival >24 months (n=44) were compared with those having survival <24 months (n=73) for 17 prognostic factors. Overall median survival was 16 months with a 5-year survival of 27%. T status (P=.000) and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (P=.001) were independent predictors of long-term survival. Survival advantage was seen in T3N+ve disease (P=.007) with extended procedures. Complete (R0) resection was attained in 30 patients with a 5-year survival advantage of 30% as compared with incomplete (R1) resection (P=.0002). Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival in simple cholecystectomy group (P=.0008) but no advantage was seen after extended procedures. Stage III (P=.001) and node-positive disease (P=.0005) had significant benefit with adjuvant therapy. Poor differentiation and vascular invasion were associated with poor long-term survival. R0 resection was associated with prolonged survival. Extended procedures improved survival in patients with T3N+ve disease. Addition of chemoradiotherapy made significant improvement in long-term survival in stage III and node-positive lesions and in patients undergoing simple cholecystectomy. R0 resection predicted long-term survival in gall bladder cancer. T3 N+ve disease had better survival after extended procedures. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy improved survival in stage III and node-positive disease. Poor differentiation and vascular invasion were adverse predictors of survival.     

PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌的表达规律及其临床意义。方法：应用免疫组织化学链亲和素-生物素-霉复合物（SP）方法检测43例膀胱移行细胞癌和7例正常黏膜组织中PTEN及Bcl-2蛋白的表达．分析二者的表达与膀胱癌病理参数的关系。结果：（1）G1、G2、G3肿瘤PTEN表达阳性率分别为85．7％、80．4％、73．3％，浸润性肿瘤和表浅性肿瘤表达阳性率分别为70．4％和93．8％，说明PTEN表达阳性率与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期有关。（2）G。、G2、G3肿瘤Bcl-2表达阳性率分别为14．2％、57．14％、66．67％，浸润性肿瘤和表浅性肿瘤表达阳性率分别为59．3％和43．8％，说明Bcl-2表达阳性率与肿瘤病理分级、临床分期有关。（3）随着肿瘤恶性程度的增高和临床分期进展，PTEN蛋白阳性率呈下降，Bcl-2表达呈增高趋势，二者表达呈负相关关系。结论：PTEN的抑癌作用可能与Bcl-2有关．二者的异常表达在膀胱移行细胞癌的发生、发展过程中起重要作用。二者同时检测有助于判断预后。