2002年1月份南极普里兹湾海域南极磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)的丰度和种群结构研究

对2002年1月份在南极普里兹湾海域三条断面(68.5°E、70.5°E和73°E)用IKMT网采集的幼体后期南极磷虾(E.superba)的水平分布和种群结构进行了研究.南极磷虾主要位于64°S以南的海域,64°S以北磷虾数量很少.南极磷虾的平均丰度和生物量分别为68.85 ind·1 000 m-3和24.16 g...     

Ex situ echo sounder target strengths of ice krill Euphausia crystallorophias

Ice krill is the keystone species in the neritic ecosystem in the Southern Ocean,where it replaces the more oceanic Antarctic krill. It is essential to understand the variation of target strength(TS in d B re 1 m 2) with the different body size to accurately estimate ice krill stocks. However,there is comparatively little knowledge of the acoustic backscatter of ice krill. The TS of individual,formalin-preserved,tethered ice krill was measured in a freshwater test tank at 38,120,and 200 k Hz with a calibrated split-beam echo sounder system. Mean TS was obtained from 21 individual ice krill with a broad range of body lengths(L :13–36 mm). The length( L,mm) to wet weight( W; mg) relationship for ice krill was W =0.001 218×103 × L 3.53( R 2= 0.96). The mean TS-to-length relationship were TS3 8 k Hz =-177.4+57log 10( L),( R 2 = 0.86); TS 120 k Hz =-129.9+31.56 log 10( L),( R 2 =0.87); and TS 200 k Hz =-117.6+24.66log1 0( L),( R 2 =0.84). Empirical estimates of the relationship between the TS and body length of ice krill were established at 38,120,and 200 k Hz and compared with predictions obtained from both the linear regression model of Greene et al.(1991) and the Stochastic Distorted Wave Born Approximation(SDWBA) model. This result might be applied to improve acoustic detection and density estimation of ice krill in the Southern Ocean. Further comparative studies are needed with in situ target strength including various body lengths of ice krill.     

鼎湖山木荷(Schima Superba)粗死木质残体的分解研究

以鼎湖山国家自然保护区季风常绿阔叶林优势种之一木荷的粗死木质残体为研究对象,采用目前国际较认可的腐解等级划分方法,对木荷粗死木质残体3个腐解等级(Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ)的密度及养分含量进行测定分析.结果表明:①木荷粗死木质残体的密度随腐解等级的增加从0.58 g/cm3下降到0.16 g/cm3,分解速率常数K值为0.144 7/a,在自然状态下,木荷粗死木质残体分解95%所需时间约为21 a;②粗死木质残体C/N比值随分解的进行先降后升而N/P则相反;③K、Ca、Na、Mg离子浓度随腐解等级的增加出现不同程度的增加,但增幅不明显.研究结果旨在为系统评估粗死木质残体的分解行为在生态系统养分循环中的作用提供基础数据.     

Population distribution,structure and growth condition of Antarctic krill （Euphausia superba Dana） during the austral summer in the Southern Ocean

Antarctic krill （Euphausia superba Dana） was collected using a High Speed Collector and an Isaac-Kidd midwater trawl （IKMT） net during the austral summer of 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 in the circumpolar and Prydz Bay regions of the Southern Ocean, respectively. Combined with the simultaneous recording of environmental factors, spatial distribution, population structure and growth condition of E. superba were studied. The abundance of E. superba in the Weddell Sea was higher than in Prydz Bay. However, the abundance of E. superba in both the Weddell Sea and Prydz Bay was lower than figures reported in previous krill surveys for the same time period. With respect to the total study area, E. superba displayed a normal growing state during the two expeditions. E. superba grew relatively poorly in some stations, which may be due to the late retreat of sea ice or lower chlorophyll a concentrations. The number of juvenile E. superba collected using the High Speed Collector was proportionally greater in stations located at the edge of the sea ice, while adults dominated in long-term non-ice regions. This phenomenon reflects the different distribution pattern between juvenile and adult krill. The population structure of E. superba differed between sea regions, which may affect recruitment.     

肠道荧光法测定大磷虾(Euphausia superba Dana)的肠道排空率和摄食率

在 １９９２～１９９３年度南极夏季期间，用肠道荧光法现场测定大磷虾（Ｅｕ－ ｐｈａｕｓｉａ　ｓｕｐｅｒｂａ　Ｄａｎａ）的肠道排空率和肠道内含物色素水平，并据此计算自然状况下 大磷虾的摄食率。大磷虾的肠道排空率为０．４３／ｈ。次成体（平均体重为１６８．８ｍｇ干 重）和成体（平均体重为 ２７４．３ｍｇ干重）的摄食率分别为 １８０．６±１９．２和 ４６４．４± ２８．３ｎｇ叶绿素ａ／ｈ。自然状况下大磷虾的摄食率与现场测定的 １００ｍ以上水层平均 叶绿素ａ浓度的相关性不大。