铋——对乙酰基偶氮氯磷显色反应及应用研究

对乙酰基偶氮氯磷与铋在０．１６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌＯ４介质中形成蓝色配合物，最大吸收波长为６８５ｎｍ，Ｂｉ在０－２μｇ／ｍｌ的范围内符合比尔定律。ε为５．０×１０＾４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，络合比为１：２。已用于镍基及铜合金中微量Ｂｉ的判定。     

循环水槽检定RCM4安德拉海流计流速传感器的几个问题

简述了循环水槽的结构和技术指标，论述了循环水槽的技术指标能满足检定ＲＣＭ４安德第流计流速传感器的技术要求。检定资料的采集和检定数据的处理方法，最后对使用中的ＲＣＭ４海流计流速传感器检定和循环水槽的性能改造提出了几点建议。     

九龙江口、厦门西海域磷的生物地球化学研究──Ⅲ.生物活动参与下的磷形态转化及磷循环估算

１９８７年３月～１９８８年１２月笔者于九龙江口、厦门西海域的调查研究结果表明，厦门西海域特殊的地理、水文环境、沉积物的高磷量、磷形态的快速转化是西海域初级生产力［５５５ｇ／（ｍ＾２·ａ）］比九龙江口区［１５９ｇ／（ｍ＾２·ａ）］高得多的主要原因。颗粒态磷（ＰＰ）、溶解态无机磷（ＤＩＰ）、溶解态有机磷（ＤＯＰ）等以生物为媒介发生了某种程度的形态转化，本文估算了九龙江水总磷（ＴＰ）的入海通量为７８７ｔ     

Locomotor activity rhythm in the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica elvers

Under artificial LD cycles(6,12,18 L),the elvers of Japanese eel,Anguilla japonica,showed a 24 h cycle of locomotor activity rhythm being most active at light transitions:the eels' activity rose to a primary peak after lights-off,followed by a quiescent period during which they buried into the shelters or lying motionlessly on sand for most of the time,and then reached a secondary peak before lights-on.Elvers could resynchronize their activity rhythm with a new photo cycle within 4 d.Moreover,their activity level at dark phase significantly increased as the light period was prolonged:higher activity levels during shorter dark period.However,the elvers did not display clearly the existence of a circadian rhythm under constant light or dark conditions.The timing of daily activity rhythm evidenced in the Japanese eels may occur through the action of the LD cycles with a weak participation of an endogenous circadian system.In all the LD cycles,over 99% of the activity occurred in the dark phase,indicating that the eels were always nocturnally active no matter what time of day it might be.Under 12 L conditions,the eels' activity level and the time outside sand were significantly elevated both at light and dark phases as temperature increased from 10~15 to 20~25 ℃.The activity rhythm pattern(i.e.,two peaks occurring around light transitions) did not apparently change among temperatures.However,in contrast with the primary activity peaks immediately after lights-off at 20 and 25 ℃,the timing of the primary peaks at 10 and 15 ℃ showed a latency of a few hours following lights-off,indicating the inhibiting effect of low temperature on the eels' activity.     

一种腐屑食性鱼类对生态系统氮循环的影响

研究表明 :腐屑食性鱼类——梭鱼对环境中有机氮的摄入能力随体重的增加而增加 ,随温度的升高 ,体重系数显著减少。摄入氮 (CN,mg/ d)与体重 (W,g)和温度 (T,℃ )的数值关系可用如下模型表示 :CN=0 .6 370 W1 .0 642 ln(3.70 0 8T)。体重为 1 0 0 g的梭鱼每日可消耗环境中 332 mg氮有机质。梭鱼氮的吸收效率主要受温度的影响 ,而氮的转化效率与体重呈显著的正相关关系。随体重的增加 ,排泄氮所占比例降低     

整顿整合资源 科学循环发展——灵宝市矿产资源开发秩序整顿工作受到国务院验收组充分肯定

7月18日,国土资源部副部长汪民率领国务院九部委整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序检查验收组,深入灵宝市检查验收整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序工作。检查验收组一行首先深入灵宝市金源矿业有限责任公司第二分公司,实地查看整顿规范矿业秩序及企业生产情况。在查看整顿规范工作档案资料,听取灵宝市整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序工作汇报,并与有关乡镇、矿业企业负责人和矿区群众代表进行座谈后,检查验收组一行对灵宝市整顿和规范矿产资源开发秩序工作取得的成效给予了充分肯定。     

生物炭对磷石膏中磷的固化作用

磷石膏中的磷在雨水淋滤作用下浸出,将污染堆场附近水体。本研究采用生物炭固化磷石膏中的磷,以减少其对周遭水体的污染。主要通过模拟固化实验和对照浸出实验,分析生物炭用量、反应时间和温度、初始pH值对固化效果的影响,通过XRD、SEM-EDS分析固化后的生成物。实验结果显示,在生物炭用量为25 mg时,单位固化量达到最大值13.20 mg/g;在反应温度T=293 K、初始pH=7条件下,反应平衡时间72 h时浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e= 1.40 mg/L;温度提升有助于提高生物炭的固化效果,当T=308 K时,浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e=0.167 mg/L;碱性条件有利于固化反应持续进行,在pH=11条件下,浸出液的磷平衡浓度C_e=0.153 mg/L。实验结果表明生物炭对磷石膏中的磷具有明显的固化效果。磷石膏中的二水硫酸钙溶解后,Ca²⁺与表面带负电的生物炭结合,在生物炭显微结构的凹陷处,化学吸附溶液中的磷酸根生成了絮状、团簇状的羟基磷灰石(HAP)沉淀,从而使浸出磷得到有效控制。     

新地球观

One of the most important achivements on science in 20th century is the new recognition on the Earth:the Earth,out of the other planets, exhibits very peculiar features because it has an extremely complex and active periphery part (surfacial layers). This periphery part is an open system sustained by inputting solar energe , which is captured , transfered and stored by life. Through the system , cyclings of matters and energe flow are driven and regulated by life activities. This system is self-equilibrated,self-controlled and far away from astrophysical and thermodynamic equilibria mainly because of life and life activities.
Development of human calture influences increasingly on流Earth's periphery system , at last , the natural biosphere that has existed for 3 billion years on the Earth's surface will inavoidably be replaced by so called "noosphere",which is man一reconstructed,man-controlled and unstable system. Thus the fate of the Earth,to a great extent,will be determined by the direction of human calture evolution.
     

变化中的地球所面临的挑战:全球变化的科学理解(英文)

简要介绍了变化中的地球所面临的挑战 ,并在描述地球系统科学近年来所取得成就的基础上给出了全球变化的科学理解。同时也简要介绍了世界正在面临的主要环境问题 ;描述了气候系统研究所达成的共识、面临的挑战及所取得的研究进展 ;并从大气、海洋和陆地间的CO2 交换、转换、不确定性等方面阐述了碳循环 ;然后 ,简单描述了全球水循环研究进展 ;最后 ,展望了在变化的地球中生存所要面临的挑战与机遇。