海底的淡水喷泉

法国“宁弗埃·沃特”公司首次从位于地中海底的喷泉中采集到了淡水。这个喷泉的名称叫莫尔托拉,位于距明多那城400m的水深36m处,其涌水量为100L/s。类似的喷泉自古有之,至今已发现1000余处。引水工程系统由覆盖喷泉的金属“郁金香”和以弯管与其相连,是直径为6m的容器。后者漂浮在海面上(公司打算以后安装输水管道通至岸上)。“郁金香”安置在坚固的锚上,并用拉紧的缆绳固定起来以防被水冲倒。它具有翻转的漏斗状,高10m,直径2m,在其顶部有调节涌水量的由有机玻璃制成的球。在设计中最困难的是选择最佳的管道直径,为的是一方面不吸入咸的海…     

山东介甲类（Conchostraca）真渔乡蚌虫属一新种

真渔乡蚌虫属(Eulimnadia Packard,1874)是栖息在淡水中的甲壳动物，隶属于介甲目(Conchostraca)刺尾亚目(Spinicaudata)渔乡蚌虫科(Limnadiidae)。属的鉴别特征为壳的铰合缘非呈锯齿形，躯干肢18-20对，尾节腹后端具向后伸的尖刺。本属迄今全世界共报道了33种，其中亚洲产9种。     

山东省淡水枝角类的初步调查

山东省淡水水域广阔,不仅河流多,而且湖泊、水库、坑塘星罗棋市,资源丰富。其中的淡水枝角类是水体食物链之重要环节,对渔业主产和环境保护工作具有相当重要的现实的意义。因此,必须对其更好地调查研究如培育利用。笔者多年来,就山东省若干地区的淡水枝角类进行采集、分类等研究工作。本文报道其初步结果——隶属7科,24属,71种。     

The acid neutralizing capacity （ANC） of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems

Acidification is considered the most important one of the primary chemical stress factors that impact on freshwater ecosystems. In unpolluted freshwater systems, the primary controls on the degree of acidification are factors such as the geological substrate of the catchment area, the presence of organic acids secreted by vegetation in the river system, and equilibrium exchange of carbon dioxide with the atmosphere. Anthropogenic factors that can impact on the degree of acidification of freshwater systems include agricultural, mining and industrial activities, either through direct runoff into river systems or through deposition of atmospheric pollutants from these sources. The capacity factors alkalinity and acidity, which represent the acid- and base-neutralizing capacity （ANC and BCN） of an aqueous system, have been used as more reliable measures of the acidic character of freshwater systems than pH. Unlike pH, ANC and BNC are not affected by parameters such as temperature and pressure. Therefore, ANC has been employed as a predictor of biological status in critical load assessments. Freshwater systems with ANC＇s eq/L isμeq/L are considered sensitive to acidification, ANC=0 μbelow 150 commonly used as the predictor for fish species such as trout in lakes, and an eq/L as more realistic for streams. Acid-neutralizing capacity μANC value of 40 （ANC） can be determined by titration with a strong acid to a preselected equivalence point. Alternatively, it can be calculated as the difference between base cations （[BC]） and strong acid anions （[SAA]）： ANC=[BC]- [SAA]=[Ca^2＋]＋[Mg^2＋]＋[Na^＋]＋[K^＋]-[SO4^2-]-[NO3^-]-[Cl^-] To date, there has been no attempt to establish the ANC of South Africa＇s freshwater ecosystems or variability therein, despite the fact that long-term water quality monitoring data exist for all the parameters needed to calculate it according to the above equations. As a result, the relationship between the acid neutralizing capacity of freshwater ecosystems in South Africa and biodiversity factors, such as fish status, is unknown. Results of the first comprehensive （country-wide scale） evaluation of the acid neutralizing capacity of river systems in South Africa will be presented. Long-term monitoring data obtained from the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry （DWAF） from most of South Africa＇s river systems were used to establish geographic and temporal variabilities in ANC. The results show that the Berg and Breede River systems are most susceptible to acidification, and that geological substrate appears to explain most of the geographic variabilities observed.     

电法在濒海及岛屿地区寻找地下淡水中的应用

采用电法的基本原理，研究各种不同岩性和成淡水的电性差畀，划分地下成淡水分界面。在严重缺水的濒海及岛屿地区找到了较好的地下淡水，解决了守岛部队吃水难的问题。     

世界淡水资源

“不要让降到大地上的每一滴水在未造福人类之前就流人海洋”，约900年前斯里兰卡国王班胡一世说过的话，今天的人们听起来，似乎更耐人寻味。     

树立科学的发展观 努力开创辽宁人工影响天气工作新局面

辽宁是我国淡水资源严重匮乏的省份之一，人均淡水资源占有量仅为全国人均占有量的1／3，是世界人均占有量的1／12。水资源匮乏不仅严重影响了工农业生产，而且使城市居民用水和生态用水也受到威胁。经济发展受到严重制约。辽宁省政府提出人工增雨要实现1个转变和4个延伸，为全省人工增雨工作指明了方向。我们要树立科学的发展观，进一步加大以开发空中云水资源为主要目标的人工影响天气工作力度，不断增强其科技含量和安全作业能力，为辽宁老工业基地振兴和社会经济发展、生态建设做出贡献。     

黄海近岸锋面的时空变化及其对沉积物输运和沉积的影响

利用2010和2012年黄海海域不同季节的航次观测数据与HYCOM模式再分析数据进行了比对,检验了HYCOM模式的水体温度数据在黄海海域的适用性。据此分析了黄海海域的温度锋面和混合锋面的时空变化。结果显示,温度锋通常在秋季开始出现,在冬季最为发育,在春季逐渐消失;黄海混合锋面与季风活动密切相关,主要在秋季开始出现,在冬季发育。悬浮沉积物基本上集中在温度锋的向岸一侧,难以跨越锋面输运。山东半岛成山头海域的温度锋在形态及空间位置上与泥质沉积区相对应,沉积中心(厚度40 m)主要分布在温度锋的西侧,而在其东侧泥质沉积厚度快速减小。研究结果发现,秋冬季节混合锋与温度锋的空间位置并不一致,混合锋位于温度锋的西侧,强烈混合使得沉积物不易沉降,对应泥质沉积厚度小;而在混合锋东侧,悬浮沉积物浓度高且水体层化显著,沉积物易于沉降堆积,与泥质沉积中心对应。混合锋与温度锋的空间分布差异与共同作用可能是该区域泥质沉积体"Ω"形态发育的动力学机制。