Kinetics of two-step anionic polymerization

This article deals with the kinetics of two-step anionic polymerization by way of a non-steady state method. Several molecular parameters can be evaluated using the formulae developed. A bimodal molecular weight distribution function for the resulting polymer is derived from the set of kinetic differential equations, which is in agreement with the experimental data reported.     

Influence of two-step process and of different stoichiometric ratios on morphologies generated in castor oil epoxy resins

Phase separation during polymerization was studied in a model system consisting of a diepoxide based on diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA), variable amounts of ethylenediamine (EDA) and the mass of castor oil (CO) necessary to obtain a mass fraction equal to 0-15 in a final system where the stoichiometric ratio of amine to epoxy equivalents, r, was equal to 1. A two-step polymerization process was performed by curing first a system with r = 0-5, during variable times before phase separation, and then carrying the system to r = 1. Thermodynamic analysis of samples with different r values led to a linear relationship between the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter and r. The concentration (P) and average size (D?) of dispersed-phase particles followed opposite trends, i.e. P increased while D? decreased, when either r was increased or the time of curing in the first step of a two-step process was decreased. This was explained by assuming that the competition between nucleation and growth was determined by the viscosity at the cloud point, η_cp. Low values of η_cp favoured growth over nucleation and led to fewer but larger particles.     

高质量的一级光栅1．55μmDFB激光器

本文详细叙述了ＤＦＢ激光器的设计要点和新的工艺。采用一级全息光栅和二步液相外延法批量研制出高稳定单纵模工作的１．５５μｍ分布反馈激光器（ＤＦＢ—ＬＤ）。外延片成品率＞４０％。器件特性：２５℃时阈值电流２０ｍＡ，单面光功率＞１０ｍｗ，主边模抑制比ＳＭＳＲ达４３ｄＢ（λ／４相移光栅），谱线宽度△ν－２０ｄＢ＝０．３ｎｍ，调制速率＞１．８ＧＨｚ。可靠性测试显示：高温监测光谱稳定，２５°Ｃ时阈值退化率△Ｉｔｈ／ｔ＜０．３ｍＡ／ｋｈ，对应器件预估寿命将超过１０万ｈ。     

TWO-STEP MECHANISM IN HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS AND DYNAMIC ANALYSIS

Recent development of the dynamic analysis technique has made it possible to measure separately kinetic parameters of a catalytic reaction as well as to study the effect of catalyst preparation parameters. But its application is still limned to first-order reaction. This work is aimed to demonstrate in some detail that,by comparison of the reaction rate expressions with the two-step mechanism used in catalytic kinetics and dynamic analysis, these methods can be extended to non-first-order reaction, and the kinetic parameters measured by dynamic techniques are interpreted for different reaction mechanisms.     

大颗粒尿素流化床造粒机尿液喷射系统故障分析

对严重影响大颗粒尿素流化床造粒机尿液喷射系统正常运行的多项故障进行了剖析,从生产技术改造及操作管理方面提出了改进和防范措施,结果表明,改进后装置运行周期从不足10天延长到40天。     

VC二步发酵高糖流加工艺的研究

利用从生产中选育得到的耐高糖菌株,通过在线的检测数据,应用改进的高浓度山梨糖流加控制工艺,考察了初始山梨糖浓度、底物浓度、流加阶段pH等对维生素C二步发酵的影响,确定了适宜的控制工艺,提高了发酵水平及设备利用率.     

Extending Dynamic Range of Phase Diversity

A method for extending dynamic range of phase diversity (PD) is proposed. The estimating of pupil phase is divided into two steps. Low-order Zernike coefficients of the phase are estimated firstly before all of the Zernike coefficients estimated. The method is based on the assumption that the aberrations of the system are dominated by low order Zernike modes, which is true to most practical situations. The algorithm of Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno(BFGS) is used in the two steps for optimizing process. Computer simulations are conducted after the theoretical analysis. The result shows that this method can effectively avoid the trap in local minimum during iteration process, and the dynamic range that PD can detect extends from about 2λ to about 4λ.     

两步计算模式下的三门峡水库异重流模拟

摘 要：针对传统的水深平均异重流模型在实际应用中获取上游边界条件的困难,提出了两步计算模式下的水库明流与异重流耦合模型。浑水明流段与异重流段交替运算,利用潜入点弗汝德数与体积比含沙量的关系作为判别条件确定异重流段的上游边界位置与相应水沙条件,在设置下游边界条件时使用极限吸出高度公式计算异重流出流流量。采用该模型计算了三门峡水库两次异重流的形成、发展与消退全过程。模型预测的异重流潜入位置与观测结果一致,对库区内三个监测断面的异重流到达时间做出了较为准确的预测。计算的清浑水层交界面高程和含沙量过程与实测结果相符,模拟结果反映出浑水水库发生时异重流排沙效率降低的现象。因此该模型可用于水库异重流过程模拟和排沙方案设计。     

基于Malmquist的重庆市科研院所知识生产效率分析

利用中国31个省市自治区科研院所2009—2011年的数据,采用DEA（Data Envelopment Analysis,数据包络分析）和Malmquist指数分析方法从静态和动态两个角度对重庆市科研院所的知识产出效率进行比较分析,并利用DEA-Tobit两步法找出影响科研院所效率的主要影响因素。研究发现：重庆市科研院所的知识生产效率总体处于偏低状态,其科技资源的利用效率存在提升空间;重庆市科研院所未来改革的方向应集中在财政资助方式的变革,加大博士层级的科技人才培养力度,以及提高科技人才劳务支出等。最后提出了相应的政策建议。