Biofiltration of toluene in the absence and the presence of ethyl acetate under continuous and intermittent loading

BACKGROUND: Two peat biofilters were used for the removal of toluene from air for one year. One biofilter was fed with pure toluene and the other received 1:1 (by weight) ethyl acetate:toluene mixture. RESULTS: The biofilters were operated under continuous loading: the toluene inlet load (IL) at which 80% removal occurred was 116 g m^?3 h^?1 at 57 s gas residence time. Maximum elimination capacity of 360 g m^?3 h^?1 was obtained at an IL of 745 g m^?3 h^?1. The elimination of toluene was inhibited by the presence of ethyl acetate. Intermittent loading, with pollutants supplied for 16 h/day, 5 days/week, did not significantly affect the removal efficiency (RE). Biomass was fully activated in 2 h after night closures, but 6 h were required to recover RE after weekend closures. Live cell density remained relatively constant over the operational period, while the dead cell fraction increased. Finally, a 15 day starvation period was applied and operation then re‐started. Performance was restored with similar re‐acclimatization period to that after weekend closures, and a reduction in dead cell fraction was observed. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the capacity of the system to handle intermittent loading conditions that are common in industrial practices, including long‐term starvation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

油纸电容型套管缺油的危害及判断方法

通过解析油纸电容型套管的结构,介绍了套管四大组成部分的作用和原理,并重点阐述了套管内部绝缘介质的电气性能．同时指出了套管缺油的原因及危害,并说明了如何准确地判断缺油．通过实例阐述了套管缺油的查找方法,论证了综合利用电容量C、介质损失角tanδ、油中溶解气体色谱分析及红外线成像仪对发现套管缺油的合理性及准确性．     

高速轴承缺油(脂)润滑的分析和预测

本文从摩擦学-接触润滑出发，通过理论和实验分析，论述了微型轴承润滑机理、成膜能力、缺油开始速度以及影响因素，并且提出相应的防止缺油的对策。     

在线氮饥饿处理对谷氨酰胺合成的促进作用

氮饥饿处理是提高谷氨酰胺合成酶活性的重要手段 ,文中设计了在线氮饥饿处理过程 ,考察了氮饥饿处理对谷氨酸棒杆菌突变株NS61 1的谷氨酰胺合成酶活性及谷氨酰胺合成能力的影响。当初始氮源的供应量受到限制时 ,菌体在生长后期处于氮饥饿状态 ,这种氮饥饿处理使菌体内的谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性提高 2倍以上 ,而谷氨酰胺的累积量提高了69%。     

Stresses on immobilized phanerochaete chrysosporium hyphae in submerged cultures for ligninase production

Effects of hydraulic shear stress and oxygen starvation stress on immobilized white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium in submerged cultures for ligninase production were studied. The immobilized fungal hyphae formed an even mycelial mat on a rotating cylindrical stainless steel net showing little sensitivity to the shear stress. The average activity of ligninase over 24 h during a peak production period was 389 U/L at a tip velocity of 0.44 m/s and 369 U/L at a doubled tip velocity of 0.88 m/s. When the dissolved oxygen level dropped below 1 mg/L, the fungal cells responded to the oxygen starvation stress and released a considerable amount of protease. The proteolytic denaturation of ligninase was the major reason that a negligible ligninase activity was detected at a low aeration rate.     

太湖流域不同种浮萍淀粉积累的研究

对在太湖采集的15株浮萍进行分子鉴定,从中筛选出3株高淀粉含量浮萍作为供试材料,对其生长培养基进行优化,并研究饥饿条件对其生长和淀粉积累的影响。结果表明:采集到的浮萍分布于5个种,分别为Lemna aequinoctialis,Lemna minor,Lemna turionfera,Spirodela polyrhiza,Landoltia punctata;与SH培养基相比,改良的培养基SH-1和SH-2均能显著促进浮萍的生长;在饥饿试验中,筛选的3种浮萍S.polyrhizza,L.aequinoctialis和L.punctata每周的生长速率(以鲜重计)分别为18.64,20.77和16.52g/m2,饥饿培养33 d后,淀粉含量分别达到20.6%,21.98%和24.30%,较饥饿前分别增加了73.4%,75.4%和137.5%。相较于S.polyrhiza和L.aequinoctialis,L.punctata在淀粉积累方面表现出一定的优势。     

碳基薄膜在航空轴承乏油问题中的应用研究

目的 研究乏油工况下GLC和DLC两种碳膜在航空轴承上的应用。方法通过磁控溅射技术在单晶硅片P(100)、轴承钢样块和轴承套圈表面分别制备了GLC和DLC两种薄膜。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、拉曼光谱对薄膜的截面和磨痕形貌及结构进行了分析。利用纳米压痕仪、摩擦磨损试验机等对薄膜的力学性能和摩擦学性能进行了研究。利用轴承试验机对镀两种膜的轴承进行了对比研究。结果 GLC和DLC两种碳基薄膜均结构致密,GLC薄膜含有更多的sp2,DLC薄膜含有更多的sp3;两种薄膜硬度分别达到18.2 GPa和22.2 GPa,弹性模量分别达到230.2 GPa和260.8 GPa,干摩擦条件下,薄膜摩擦系数分别低至0.11和0.21。镀膜轴承在运转0~10 h时,温升无明显差异;10~30 h过程中,镀GLC薄膜轴承温升约为40~45 ℃,而镀DLC薄膜轴承温升约为50~55 ℃。运转后,轴承滚子上出现转移膜,镀GLC薄膜的轴承磨损比镀DLC薄膜的轴承严重。结论 在乏油工况下,DLC薄膜具有更加优异的环境适应性。     

How Far Are We from Prescribing Fasting as Anticancer Medicine?

(1) Background: the present review provides a comprehensive and up-to date overview of the potential exploitation of fasting as an anticancer strategy. The rationale for this concept is that fasting elicits a differential stress response in the setting of unfavorable conditions, empowering the survival of normal cells, while killing cancer cells. (2) Methods: the present narrative review presents the basic aspects of the hormonal, molecular, and cellular response to fasting, focusing on the interrelationship of fasting with oxidative stress. It also presents nonclinical and clinical evidence concerning the implementation of fasting as adjuvant to chemotherapy, highlighting current challenges and future perspectives. (3) Results: there is ample nonclinical evidence indicating that fasting can mitigate the toxicity of chemotherapy and/or increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. The relevant clinical research is encouraging, albeit still in its infancy. The path forward for implementing fasting in oncology is a personalized approach, entailing counteraction of current challenges, including: (i) patient selection; (ii) fasting patterns; (iii) timeline of fasting and refeeding; (iv) validation of biomarkers for assessment of fasting; and (v) establishment of protocols for patients’ monitoring. (4) Conclusion: prescribing fasting as anticancer medicine may not be far away if large randomized clinical trials consolidate its safety and efficacy.     

好氧饥饿对膨胀污泥硝化性能及污泥特性的影响

采用SBR好/缺氧工艺,考察了好氧饥饿对于丝状菌膨胀污泥中硝化细菌活性及污泥性能的影响。结果表明,14 d的好氧饥饿过程(无外加底物,保持曝气)中,氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, AOB)表现出更高的饥饿敏感性,其好氧衰减速率[(0.42±0.06)d^-1)高于亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB)的好氧衰减速率[(0.34±0.05)d^-1]。恢复阶段初期,系统出现了明显的亚硝酸盐积累现象,这主要归因于AOB具有在环境发生改变时做出快速反应的能力,具体体现在AOB较NOB具有更高的活性恢复速率上。此外,好氧饥饿能够快速杀死丝状细菌,迅速改善膨胀污泥的沉降性能,使污泥的SVI由170 ml·g^-1快速下降到30 ml·g^-1。胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances, EPS)和溶解性微生物产物(soluble microbial products, SMP)能够相互转化,并为饥饿污泥提供一定的碳源和能源,保证了细菌在饥饿环境中长期的细胞维持。