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1.
Methanol extracts of the green algaUlva pertusa contain four kinds of glycerolipids that are active as feeding-stimulants for marine herbivorous gastropods. These compounds are digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), 1,2-diacylglycerly-4-O-(N,N,N-trimethyl)-homoserine (DGTH), 1-monoacylglyceryl-4'-O-(N,N,N-trimethyl)-homoserine (MGTH), and 6-sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG). The various gastropods exhibit marked specificity, however, as young abaloneHaliotis discus respond to DGDG and DGTH at minute dosages of 20–30 g/sample zone, but do not respond to 300 g of SQDG, which is a phagostimulant for two other kinds of gastropods,Turbo comutus andOmphalius pfeifferi.Chemical Studies on Phagostimulants for Marine Gastropods. Part VI. For Part V, see Sakata et al. (1986b). 相似文献
2.
Lipase-catalyzed transesterification of phosphatidylcholine at controlled water activity 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Ingemar Svensson Patrick Adlercreutz Bo Mattiasson 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(10):986-991
The incorporation of a free fatty acid into thesn-1 position of phosphatidylcholine by lipase-catalyzed transesterification was investigated. The thermodynamic water activity
of both the enzyme preparation and the substrate solution was adjusted to the same value prior to the reaction. The reaction
rate increased with increasing water activity but the yield of modified phosphatidylcholine decreased due to hydrolysis. By
using a large excess of the free fatty acid (heptadecanoic acid), the hydrolysis reaction was slowed down, so a higher yield
was obtained at a given degree of incorporation. The best results were obtained withRhizopus arrhizus lipase immobilized by adsorption on a polypropylene support. With this preparation, a yield of 60% and nearly 50% incorporation
of heptadecanoic acid (100% incorporation in thesn-1 position) was obtained at a water activity of 0.064. The enzyme preparation had good operational stability and position
specificity. Little incorporation (<1%) was observed in thesn-2 position, when almost all the fatty acid in thesn-1 position was exchanged. 相似文献
3.
A. Proctor C. Adhikari G. D. Blyholder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1996,73(6):693-698
The structures of and lipid complexes with two commercial silica hydrogels (Trisyl and Sorbsil 40), which contain about 60%
moisture, were examined by diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The spectra suggested that Trisyl
contained less moisture than Sorbsil 40. However, the silanol groups of Sorbsil 40 were more active in adsorbing oleic acid,
triglyceride, and phosphatidylcholine (PC) from hexane than those of Trisyl. Both adsorbents strongly bound PC through the
PC carbonyl and phosphate groups. Lipid adsorption from hexane solution by Trisyl depended solely on trapped moisture, while
Sorbsil 40 used moisture and silanol groups on the silica surface. Spectra of triglyceride-silica hydrogel complexes, obtained
24 and 72 h after obtaining the initial spectra, showed that Sorbsil 40 adsorption was by Van der Waals forces, but the triglyceride
reoriented over time with an increase in hydrogen bonding. In contrast, Trisyl initially adosorbed triglyceride by hydrogen
bonding which was stable for at least 72 h. 相似文献
4.
C. Adhikari A. Proctor G. D. Blyholder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1995,72(3):337-341
Diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to study the mode of adsorption of phosphatidylcholine
(PC) in hexane onto silicic acid (SA). PC adsorption was mainly through the charged phosphate group with minimal binding through
the ester carbonyl. When the SA surface with adsorbed PC is washed with hexane, containing a small concentration of isopropanol,
the desorbed PC is recovered without structural change, i.e., there is no evidence of PC hydrolysis in the adsorption process.
Adsorbent misture probably promotes PC adsorption due to the increased availability of surface water hydroxyl groups for interaction
with the PC phosphate groups. Isopropanol promoted PC binding by destabilizing PC reverse miscelles in solution, thus promoting
its adsorption. 相似文献
6.
7.
Maoxiang Sun Xiaolong Liu Huaifeng Gao Binbin Zhang Futian Peng Yuansong Xiao 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Salt stress is a major adverse abiotic factor seriously affecting fruit tree growth and development. It ultimately lowers fruit quality and reduces yield. Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is an important cell membrane component that is critical for cell structure and membrane stability maintenance. In this study, we found that the addition of external PC sources significantly increased the tolerance of one-year-old peach trees, Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., to salt stress and attenuated their damage. The effect of exogenous application of 200 mg/L PC exerted the most significant positive effect. Its use caused seedling leaf stomatal opening, contributing to normal gas exchange. Moreover, beneficial effects were exerted also to the root system, which grew normally under salt stress. Meanwhile, phospholipase D activity in the cell was promoted. The production of phosphatidic acid (PA) was enhanced by increased decomposition of phospholipids; PA serves as a secondary messenger involved in plant biological process regulation and the reduction in the reactive oxygen species- and peroxide-induced damage caused by salt stress. The possible mechanism of action is via promoted plant osmotic regulation and tolerance to salt stress, reducing salt stress-induced injury to plants. 相似文献
8.
An infrared spectroscopy study of lipid adsorption from hexane onto an acid-activated bleaching clay
C. Adhikari A. Proctor G. D. Blyholder 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1997,74(10):1265-1268
The mode of adsorption of oleic acid (OA) (0.05 M), triglyceride (TG) (0.05 M) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) (0.5 mM) from
hexane solution onto 0.5 g of an acid-activated bleaching clay was investigated using diffuse reflectance Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy. OA was mostly weakly adsorbed by bound water, with some OA adsorbed to silanol sites through carboxyl
carbonyl groups. TG was hydrogen- bonded to surface silanol groups through ester carbonyl groups. The CH2 stretches indicated that TG was oriented perpendicular or at an angle to the surface. PC phosphate groups were bound by the
surface moisture with little interaction with silanol groups. The adsorption mechanism of these lipids contrasts with the
adsorption of carotenoid and chlorophyll under the same conditions. These pigments are bound by chemisorption, with catalytic
modification often occurring before adsorption. 相似文献
9.
R. Subramanian M. Nakajima A. Yasui H. Nabetani T. Kimura T. Maekawa 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1999,76(10):1247-1253
The first step in the process of vegetable oil refining is degumming, in which phospholipids and mucilaginous gums are removed
that otherwise result in a low-grade oil. A membrane process is remarkably simple yet potentially offers many advantages in
degumming. Studies were conducted on surfactant-aided membrane degumming with soybean and rapeseed oils in a magnetically
stirred flat membrane batch cell with different types of microfiltration membranes. The reduction of phospholipids in soybean
oil was in the range of 85.8–92.8% during the membrane process. The phosphorus content of membrane permeates of soybean oil
was in the range of 20–58 mg/kg. Crude rapeseed oil contained higher amount of nonhydratable phospholipids and hence resulted
in lower reduction in phospholipids, in the range of 66.4–83.2%. Addition of hydratable phospholipids could improve the efficiency
of degumming in the membrane process without using any electrolyte, resulting in improvement of quality as well as quantity
of the phospholipids. 相似文献
10.
Ramamourthy Gopal Jong Kook Lee Jun Ho Lee Young Gwon Kim Gwang Chae Oh Chang Ho Seo Yoonkyung Park 《International journal of molecular sciences》2013,14(1):2190-2202
In a previous study, we synthesized a series of peptides containing simple sequence repeats, (KW)n–NH2 (n = 2,3,4 and 5) and determined their antimicrobial and hemolytic activities, as well as their mechanism of antimicrobial action. However, (KW)5 showed undesirable cytotoxicity against RBC cells. In order to identify the mechanisms behind the hemolytic and cytotoxic activities of (KW)5, we measured the ability of these peptides to induce aggregation of liposomes. In addition, their binding and permeation activities were assessed by Trp fluorescence, calcein leakage and circular dichrorism using artificial phospholipids that mimic eukaryotic liposomes, including phosphatidylcholine (PC), PC/sphingomyelin (SM) (2:1, w/w) and PC/cholesterol (CH) (2:1, w/w). Experiments confirmed that only (KW)5 induced aggregation of all liposomes; it formed much larger aggregates with PC:CH (2:1, w/w) than with PC or PC:SM (2:1, w/w). Longer peptide (KW)5, but not (KW)3 or (KW)4, strongly bound and partially inserted into PC:CH compared to PC or PC:SM (2:1, w/w). Calcein release experiments showed that (KW)5 induced calcein leakage from the eukaryotic membrane. Greater calcein leakage was induced by (KW)5 from PC:CH than from PC:SM (2:1, w/w) or PC, whereas (KW)4 did not induce calcein leakage from any of the liposomes. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that (KW)5 showed higher conformational transition compared to (KW)4 due to peptide-liposome interactions. Taken together, our results suggest that (KW)5 reasonably mediates the aggregation and permeabilization of eukaryotic membranes, which could in turn explain why (KW)5 displays efficient hemolytic activity. 相似文献