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《IIE Transactions》2007,39(9):879-898
We study an inventory system that consists of two demand classes. The orders in the first class need to be satisfied immediately, whereas the orders in the second class are to be filled in a given demand lead time. The two classes are also of different criticality. For this system, we propose a policy that rations the non-critical orders. Under a one-for-one replenishment policy with backordering and for Poisson demand arrivals for both classes, we first derive expressions for the service levels of both classes. The service level for the critical class is an approximation, whereas the service level for the non-critical class is exact. We then conduct a computational study to show that our approximation works reasonably, the benefits of rationing can be substantial, and the incorporation of demand lead time provides more value when the demand class with demand lead time is the critical class. The research is motivated by the spare parts service system of a major capital equipment manufacturer that faces two types of demand. For this company, the critical down orders need to be satisfied immediately, while the less critical maintenance orders can be satisfied after a fixed demand lead time. We conduct a case study with 64 representative parts and show that significant savings (as much as 14% on inventory on hand) are possible through incorporation of demand lead times and rationing. 相似文献
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O. Khamman 《Materials Letters》2007,61(3):639-643
The solid-state mixed oxide method via a rapid vibro-milling technique is explored in the preparation of single-phase nickel niobate (NiNb2O6) powders. The formation of the NiNb2O6 phase in the calcined powders has been investigated as a function of calcination conditions by TG-DTA and XRD techniques. Morphology, particle size and chemical composition have been determined via a combination of SEM and EDX techniques. It has been found that the minor phases of unreacted NiO and Nb2O5 precursors and the Ni4Nb2O9 phase tend to form together with the columbite NiNb2O6 phase, depending on calcination conditions. More importantly, it is seen that optimization of calcination conditions can lead to a single-phase NiNb2O6 in an orthorhombic phase. 相似文献
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The paper considers a generalized discrete‐time order‐replacement model for a single unit system, which is subject to random failure when in operation. Two types of discrete randomized lead times are considered for a spare unit; one is for regular (preventive) order and another is for expedited (emergency) order. The model is formulated based on the discounted cost criterion. The underlying two‐dimensional optimization problem is reduced to a simple one‐dimensional one and then the optimal ordering policy for the spare unit is characterized under two extreme conditions: (i) unlimited inventory time and (ii) zero inventory time for the spare unit. A numerical example is used to determine the optimal spare‐ordering policy numerically and to examine the sensitivity of the model parameters. 相似文献
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叙述了从铅阳极泥回收金银后的渣料中综合回收有价金属的生产实践。根据渣料性质,将火法和湿法工艺相互结合,使渣料中的锑、铋、金、银、铅、铜得以较彻底的分离和回收。 相似文献
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大尺寸氟化铅晶体的生长 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
描述了不用高真空条件,在通常的Bridgman-Stockbarger炉中,用高温下的反应方法,消除了原料及生长炉内残存的O^2-及OH^-,生长出优质,大尺寸的β-PbF2晶体。在晶体生长时,出现的主要问题是在晶体中的针状结构及开裂,但可通过控制条件来解决。 相似文献
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Humin Cheng Jiming Ma Zhenguo Zhao Di Qiang Yongxiang Li Xi Yao 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(5):1123-1128
A pure, acicular lead titanate (PbTiO3 ) fine powder with a white color has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis. It is a new phase of PbTiO3 with I 4 symmetry, cell parameters of a = 12.358 Å and b = 14.541 Å, and a density of 6.80 g.cm−3 . The influences of pH (12.5 to 14.4), Pb/Ti ratio (1.0 to 1.6) in the feedstock, reaction temperature (130° to 230°C), time (0.25 to 4 h), starting materials, and additives on the formation of acicular PbTiO3 under hydrothermal conditions have been investigated. The acicular PbTiO3 with I 4 symmetry, referred to as the PX phase, can be converted to the perovskite-type (PE phase) of PbTiO3 at about 605°C while its acicular morphology is essentially unchanged. The preferable conditions for preparing pure acicular PX-phase PbTiO3 are that the pH is 13.0 to 14.0, Pb/Ti ratio is >1.3, reaction temperature is 170° to 200°C, time is 0.5 to 1.0 h, titanium butoxide (Ti[O(CH2 )3 CH3 ]4 ) is the starting material, and poly(vinyl alcohol) is an additive. The acicular grain of the PX phase is usually less than 100 nm in diameter and more than 1000 nm in length. 相似文献
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