钻孔水力采矿射流喷嘴初步试验研究

围绕钻孔水力采矿的关键元素喷嘴,在进行小直径喷嘴试验的基础上,分析研究试验数据,提出喷嘴的设计思路,完成喷嘴的基本选型。针对不同岩层的特性,提出不同的水力采矿方案。研究处在钻孔底高压淹没条件下,水射流的碎岩机理和碎岩能力。     

聚能射流侵彻混凝土靶板的数值模拟研究

在基于有限元法中心差分包软件LS-DYNA-970的平台上对圆锥罩型聚能射流侵彻素混凝土试样进行了3-D数值仿真,揭示了金属射流的形成过程和侵彻过程机理。研究表明：装药结构在爆炸荷载作用下能形成头部速度高、弹身长径比大、整体质量分布合理的高速杆式侵彻体。在分析混凝土受力失效过程的同时,获得了金属射流在不同侵彻深度下,混凝土开孔孔径大小的数值结果。计算结果与文献中的实验数据吻合较好。     

挑流水舌雾化的研究

通过对已建大型水电站挑流水舌雾化的原型观察，本文论述了高水头的挑流水舌的形态仍基本遵循重力相似规律。本文提出的原型观察结合图象处理研究雾化强度分布的方法方便可靠，用以预报在建水电站的挑流雾化时有利于工程建设。本文最后从水舌雾化角度，对新型消能工进行了初步评价。     

一种新的湿法脱硫强制氧化技术

强制氧化是防止湿法脱硫系统结垢和堵塞以及脱硫废渣二次污染问题的关键。文中提出将射流曝气技术应用于石灰石／石膏湿法脱硫的强制氧化工艺,并利用双膜理论针对射流曝气强制氧化工艺的气液相际传质特点进行了理论分析,结果表明,射流曝气器作为一种气液两相介质化学反应传质混合设备,充分利用强烈混合作用,提高了能量的综合利用率,对某湿法脱硫工程能耗的计算结果表明：采用射流曝气方式能耗节省达20％以上,脱硫成本降低,有利于实现关键脱硫设备的国产化。     

微孔射流高压均质过程动量及流场结构分析

本文应用流体力学理论分析了高压均质过程中,微孔射流内动量及流场结构。在Matlab软件帮助下计算了速度场情况,并绘制了特定流场的详细结构图。对进行此类设备均质关键结构设计具有一定的理论指导作用。     

聚合射流氧枪射流特性的数值模拟及应用

利用Fluent软件对电炉炼钢中两种常用氧枪,聚合射流氧枪和普通超音速氧枪进行了射流特性的数值模拟,分析了保护气位置、射流角度及压强对聚合射流氧枪射流特性的影响,并在天津钢铁集团公司110t电炉进行了生产实践。结果表明,使用聚合射流氧枪后电炉冶炼效果改善,平均冶炼周期缩短10～15min,各项消耗指标改善。     

控制冷却用的几种喷流方式及使用效果

控制冷却中使用的三种喷流方式,只有柱状层流的喷流方式,才能使冲击匹配置合理化,有效地保证了钢板均匀冷却,又能提高水的冷却能力,使控制冷却技术广泛用于生产实际。     

Effect of the convergence flow conditioner on rectifying eccentric jet flow induced by a ball valve

Installing a flow conditioner is an important method for rectifying irregular and unstable flow to stable flow state within a short flow distance in fluid transportation and control industrial applications. However, classical flow conditioners (such as Laws and Zanker flow conditioners in ISO 5167) with parallel pipeline axial orifices ineffectively rectify the distinct eccentric jet flow caused by valve regulation. The convergence flow conditioner with convergent orifices was innovatively designed for rectifying the eccentric jet flow caused by a ball valve in this study. Three convergent orifice angles (8°, 10°, and 12°) defined as angles between orifice and pipeline axes were considered to compare their effect on eccentric jet flow rectification as well as with the classical Laws flow conditioner (characterized by the convergent orifice angle of 0°) under different valve openings with an experimental setup for monitoring downstream pressures that develop along the pipeline and corresponding numerical simulation used. Pressure loss and throttling effect of installing convergence flow conditioners downstream the ball valve was assessed. Analysis of distributions of the pressure, velocity, and streamline for convergent flow conditioners showed that the flow conditioner with a large convergent orifice angle can effectively improve violent eccentric jet flows, especially under a small valve opening. The axial velocity on various downstream cross sections was extracted to evaluate the velocity uniformity. A dimensionless parameter of velocity eccentric ratio was used to quantify the rectification effect of eccentric jet flow evolving in the downstream pipeline. Results showed that a short pipeline length is needed to obtain additional symmetry and uniform flow field downstream of the flow conditioner with a high convergent orifice angle, that is, the convergence flow conditioner with a high convergent orifice angle demonstrated a strong effect of flow rectification on the valve-induced eccentric jet flow. This work can help understand characteristics of flow rectification on valve-induced eccentric jet flow in scientific research, and provide guidance for the flow conditioner design in fluid engineering.     

磨料射流切割系统能量传输效率的研究

介绍了两种不同形式的磨料射流切割系统,分析了它们的能量传输效率,并用实验进行了验证。研究结果表明：前混合磨料射流切系统具有较高的能量传输效率和较小的切割比能。     

三角形鼻坎挑流水舌出射角的试验研究

挑流消能是水电工程建设中广泛采用的一种消能方式,挑流水舌上缘和下缘轨迹决定大坝下游的冲刷位置和范围,而上缘和下缘出射角决定水舌的轨迹,因此出射角的研究至关重要。基于三角形鼻坎挑流的物理模型试验结果,研究挑流水舌起挑断面横向脉动流速和平均水深对水舌出射角的影响。采用平均误差最小的分析方法,分别确定脉动流速和平均水深对出射角影响的权重系数,并提出水舌上缘和下缘出射角的计算方法。相比试验实测值,所提方法计算所得挑距的误差在5%以内,具有较高精度。