全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3890篇 |
免费 | 638篇 |
国内免费 | 301篇 |
学科分类
工业技术 | 4829篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 40篇 |
2023年 | 199篇 |
2022年 | 121篇 |
2021年 | 186篇 |
2020年 | 187篇 |
2019年 | 167篇 |
2018年 | 182篇 |
2017年 | 186篇 |
2016年 | 200篇 |
2015年 | 158篇 |
2014年 | 182篇 |
2013年 | 343篇 |
2012年 | 250篇 |
2011年 | 201篇 |
2010年 | 137篇 |
2009年 | 179篇 |
2008年 | 141篇 |
2007年 | 186篇 |
2006年 | 175篇 |
2005年 | 147篇 |
2004年 | 170篇 |
2003年 | 136篇 |
2002年 | 136篇 |
2001年 | 137篇 |
2000年 | 107篇 |
1999年 | 86篇 |
1998年 | 79篇 |
1997年 | 67篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 57篇 |
1994年 | 45篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 38篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 25篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 11篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 3篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 2篇 |
1951年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有4829条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Wenwei He Wuping Liao Weiwei Wang Deqian Li Chunji Niu 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(9):1314-1320
BACKGROUND: Thermodynamics and kinetics data are both important to explain the extraction property. In order to develop a novel separation technology superior to current extraction systems, many promising extractants have been developed including calixarene carboxylic acids. The extraction thermodynamics behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acids has been reported extensively. In this study, the mass transfer kinetics of neodymium(III) and the interfacial behavior of calix[4]arene carboxylic acid were investigated. RESULTS: The rate constant (Kao) becomes constant when the stirring speed was controlled between 250 rpm and 400 rpm. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated to be 21·41 kJ mol?1 or 88·17 kJ mol?1 (dependent on temperature) from the slope of log Kao against 1000/T. The linear relationship between the specific area and the extraction rate is the characteristic of an interfacial reaction control. The minimum bulk concentration of the extractant necessary to saturate the interface (Cmin) is lower than 4·19 × 10?4 mol L?1. CONCLUSION: The effect of stirring speed, temperature, and species concentration on the extraction rate demonstrates that the extraction regime depends on the extraction conditions. The chemical reaction control governs the extraction regime at temperatures below 303 K and a mixed control regime occurs when the temperature is between 303 K and 318 K. The probable locale for the chemical reaction is at the liquid–liquid interface and the rate equation is deduced to be: ? d[Nd3+](a)/dt = kf[Nd3+](a)[H4A](o)0·727[H+](a)?0·978. The rate‐controlling step was suggested by the analysis of the experimental results. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
2.
3.
A roll-coating experimental system is used to study the effect of pre-wetting on dynamic contact angles, the interfacial displacement depth, and the associated phenomenon of air entrainment. The system consists of a roll, which is horizontally rotating in a liquid pool. The dynamic contact angle is recorded by a macrophotography system. The test liquids are glycerol solutions with viscosities in the range 104 < μ < 748 mPa · s. The value of (μV/ρg)0.5 is taken as the characteristic length to be used in the dimensionless relationships which correlate experimental measurements. The effect of base layer entry angle into the liquid pool on the dynamic contact angles and other flow parameters is studied. Comparison is made with measurements in dry tape-coating and other pre-wet roll–coating systems. 相似文献
4.
Nucleation kinetics during the growth of InxGa1−xN on a GaN substrate have been studied. The behavior of nonequilibrium between the InxGa1−xN and the GaN substrate has been analyzed, and hence, the expression derived for the stress-induced supercooling/superheating
has been numerically evaluated. The maximum amount of stress-induced supercooling is found to be 1.017 K at x=0.12. These
values are incorporated in the classical heterogeneous nucleation theory. Using the regular solution model, the interfacial
tension between the nucleus and substrate and, hence, the interfacial tension between nucleus and mother phase and thermodynamical
potential of the compounds have been calculated. The amount of driving force available for the nucleation has been determined
for different compositions and degrees of supercooling. It has been shown that the value of the interaction parameter of InN-GaN
plays a dominant role in nucleation and growth kinetics of InxGa1−xN on a GaN substrate. These values have been used to evaluate the nucleation parameters. It is shown that the nucleation barrier
for the formation of a InxGa1−xN nucleus on a GaN substrate is minimum in the range of x=0.12 to x=0.17, and it has been qualitatively proved that good quality
InxGa1−xN on GaN can be grown only in the range 0<x≤0.2. 相似文献
5.
Theoretical analyses for the single fibre pull-out and push-out models under monotonic loading are given which are based on a shear-lag analysis in a fracture mechanics approach considering non-constant friction at the debonded interface as a result of fibre Poisson contraction (or expansion). The solutions allow the determination of typical fibre/matrix interfacial properties such as the interfacial fracture toughness, Gic, the coefficient of friction, μ, and the residual clamping stress, q0. Under cyclic loading the interfacial properties are expected to degrade as a result of repetitive abrasion, and a power law function is assumed between μ and the number of elapsed cycles, N. However, Gic is assumed to be unaffected and a fracture mechanics based debond criterion is derived for the relationship between the external applied stress, the debond length and the reduced friction coefficient for both fibre pull-out and fibre push-out. In addition, the relative displacements between the free fibre end and the matrix top are obtained for cyclic fatigue when the fibre is loaded and unloaded. A relationship obtained for the protrusion (or intrusion) length in fibre pull-out (or push-out) experiments allows the severity of the interface frictional degradation to be evaluated and characterised. Similarities and differences in the frictional degradation behaviour between fibre pull-out and push-out are also identified. 相似文献
6.
A series of polyurethane microcapsules containing a phase change material (PCM) of n‐octadecane was successfully synthesized by an interfacial polymerization in aqueous styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA) dispersion with diethylene triamine (DETA) as a chain extender reacting with toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI). The average diameter of microPCMs is in the range of 5–10 μm under the stirring speed of 3000–4000 rpm. Optical and SEM morphologies of microPCMs had ensured that the shell was regularly fabricated with the influence of SMA. FTIR results confirmed that the shell material was polyurethane and the SMA chains associated on core material reacted with TDI forming a part of shell material. The shell thickness was decreasing in the range of 0.31–0.55 μm with the molar ratio of DETA/TDI from 0.84 to 1.35 and the weight of core material increasing from 40 to 80% (wt %). By controlling the weight ratio of PCM as 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% in microPCMs, it was found using DSC that the Tm and Tc of microPCMs were in the range of 29.8–31.0oC and 21.1–22.0°C and an obvious phase change had been achieved nearly the same temperature range of that of PCM. The results from release curves of microPCM samples prepared by 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 g of SMA indicated the release properties were affected by the amount of the dispersant, which attributed to the emulsion effect and shell polymerization structure. The above results suggest that the shell structure of microPCMs can be controlled and the properties of microPCMs determined by shell will perform proper practical usage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4996–5006, 2006 相似文献
7.
Morphology of intermetallic compounds formed between lead-free Sn-Zn based solders and Cu substrates
The morphologies of intermetallic compounds formed between Sn-Zn based solders and Cu substrates were investigated in this
study. The investigated solders were Sn-9Zn, Sn-8.55Zn-0.45Al, and Sn-8.55Zn-0.45Al-0.5Ag. The experimental results indicated
that the Sn-9Zn solder formed Cu5Zn8 and CuZn5 compounds on the Cu substrate, while the Al-containing solders formed the Al4.2Cu3.2Zn0.7 compound. The addition of Ag to the Sn-8.55Zn-0.45Al solder resulted in the formation of the AgZn3 compound at the interface between the Al4.2Cu3.2Zn0.7 compound and the solder. Furthermore, it was found that the cooling rate of the specimen after soldering had an effect on
the quantity of AgZn3 compound formed at the interface. The AgZn3 compound formed with an air-cooling condition exhibited a rougher surface and larger size than with a water-quenched condition.
It was believed that the formation of the AgZn3 compound at the interface occurs through heterogenous nucleation during solidification. 相似文献
8.
Interfacial polycondensation of diphenolic acid (DPA) and isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) in various solvent/water systems was investigated with tetrabutyl ammonium chloride as a phase transfer catalyst. It was found that a large mass of capsules were formed at the beginning of the reaction for all solvents examined but the capsule morphology and reaction results depended on the solvents. It is believed that the capsule shells make up of the reaction zone and a mechanism of the interfacial polycondensation is proposed accordingly. The effect of the solvents on the reaction was interpreted from the interaction between the polymer and the solvent according to the mechanism. The reaction conditions were optimized, and poly(DPA-IPC) with high intrinsic viscosity was prepared in high yield under the optimal condition. It is an amorphous polymer with glass transition temperature of about 160°C. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
9.
Interfaces play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of composite materials. The interfaces established between a titanium-alloy matrix (Ti-6Al-4V) and uncoated and TiB2/C-coated SiC fibres are analysed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray techniques. Emphasis is placed upon the interfacial morphology and microstructure, identification of reaction products, and the stability of the coating layer. Complex multi-reaction layers are observed frequently in the interfacial zones. Previous, often contradictory, reports about the interlayers are reviewed. Experimental observation demonstrates that the type and distribution of interlayers vary in a given system, due to prolonged treatment of the samples at temperature. The formation and distribution of the interlayers are discussed further, with respect to these and previous findings. Methods of reducing interfacial reactivity are discussed. 相似文献
10.
A liquid-vapor interface in thermal equilibrium was considered, where the pressure tensor depends upon the density (z) and the position z. The surface tension coefficient results are parametrized with the bulk compressibility, liquid-vapor density difference, and interfacial width along the saturation curve. Previous results at the triple and critical points reported by other investigators are verified. Also included is a plot of the computed results using the parametric equation and experimental data for different substances. 相似文献