致密油藏直井多层缝网压裂产量递减分析

垂向多层发育的致密油藏常采用缝网压裂进行开采,从而改善储层渗透率,提高油井产量。为此建立直井多层缝网压裂不稳定渗流数学模型,压裂后各层划分为人工裂缝区、改造区和未改造区。绘制分析Blasingame产量递减典型曲线,曲线分为7个流动阶段,总裂缝长度一定时,裂缝半长短的储层流体渗流率先到达未改造区,流体渗流阻力大,Blasingame曲线靠下;总改造体积一定时,各层改造体积差异越大,Blasingame曲线越靠下。用所建立的模型,对实测生产资料进行解释,获得各层裂缝半长、改造区渗透率等相关地层参数,该模型对进行多层缝网压裂直井产量分析具有指导意义。     

一种梯度交替迭代设计测量矩阵的方法

在压缩采样中,测量矩阵应该和表达字典有尽可能小的相干性,随机测量矩阵一直被使用是因为其和任何表达字典都有较小的相干性。提出一种基于梯度迭代最小化方法,作为格拉斯曼框架设计的一种变体,通过优化一个初始的随机测量矩阵来得到相干性更小的测量矩阵。仿真结果表明所设计的测量矩阵具有更好的性能。     

浅议上向进路式充填法的接顶率

接顶是上向进路式充填法的主要安全技术措施之一,尽可能提高充填接顶率是这种方法安全使用的客观需要,但接顶率能达到多高？本文分析了影响接顶的主要因素,并从理论上阐明了进路正常断面积条件下接顶率的最大值．     

IMMUNE GENETIC ALGORITHM FOR THE PATH PLANNING OF TIGHTLY COORDINATED TWO-ROBOT MANIP-ULATORS

A novel algorithm, the immune genetic algorithm based on multi-agent, is proposed for the path planning of tightly coordinated two-robot manipulators, which constructs mainly immune operators accomplished by three steps: defining strategies and methods of multi-agent, calculating virtual forces acting on an agent, and constructing immune operators and performing immunization during the evolutionary process. It is illustrated to be able to restrain the degenerate phenomenon effectively and improve the searching ability with high converging speed.     

Modeling structural change in spatial system dynamics: A Daisyworld example

System dynamics (SD) is an effective approach for helping reveal the temporal behavior of complex systems. Although there have been recent developments in expanding SD to include systems’ spatial dependencies, most applications have been restricted to the simulation of diffusion processes; this is especially true for models on structural change (e.g. LULC modeling). To address this shortcoming, a Python program is proposed to tightly couple SD software to a Geographic Information System (GIS). The approach provides the required capacities for handling bidirectional and synchronized interactions of operations between SD and GIS. In order to illustrate the concept and the techniques proposed for simulating structural changes, a fictitious environment called Daisyworld has been recreated in a spatial system dynamics (SSD) environment. The comparison of spatial and non-spatial simulations emphasizes the importance of considering spatio-temporal feedbacks. Finally, practical applications of structural change models in agriculture and disaster management are proposed.     

四川公山庙油田致密砂岩油充注孔喉下限探讨及应用

准确确定致密砂岩油充注孔喉下限有助于正确认识致密油成藏。对四川公山庙油田致密砂岩油充注孔喉下限进行理论推导和实验测试。源储界面致密油充注受生烃增压作用明显,基于流体力学作用间平衡关系和油藏实际参数,理论推导源储界面充注孔喉直径下限为29.06nm;储层内部充注力学机制与源储界面不同,生烃增压对流体充注的直接作用较弱,界面的力学推导过程不适用,而通过对实际砂岩样品进行环境扫描与能谱联测的方法确定储层内部的孔喉直径下限为59.66nm。结合致密砂岩储层压汞分析,应用充注孔喉下限确定源储界面附近的含油饱和度为69.5%;储层内部的含油饱和度为60.4%。含油饱和度预测值与公山庙油田致密砂岩实测含油饱和度相一致,对不同部位的孔喉下限的研究结果可为致密砂岩油分布规律和目标评价提供理论依据和预测方法。     

大宁-吉县地区二叠系致密砂岩含气性评价

目前随着研究区二叠系致密砂岩勘探开发程度的深入,动用程度日益增加,动用难度加大,对于致密砂岩储层含气性评价日益迫切。在明确储层含气性与其自然伽马、声波时差、岩性密度、电阻率曲线对应关系的基础上,通过分析气层测井敏感参数建立气层识别图版,确定储层含气性测井定量评价标准。从定性和定量的角度评价了吉县地区二叠系石盒子组致密砂岩含气性。     

致密油压裂现状及发展建议

致密油作为一种非常规石油资源,目前在美国和加拿大开发地较为成功。近年来,随着页岩气水平井钻井技术和水力压裂技术的快速发展,其开发技术也为致密油的开采打下了良好基础。我国致密油开发相对较晚,目前还处于起步阶段。因此,加快我国致密油勘探开发技术的发展,对我国致密油的成功开发具有重大意义。概述了国内外致密油开发现状,分析了致密油的储层特征,重点介绍了目前国内致密油压裂技术的进展并结合目前现状对我国致密油压裂技术的发展提出了一些建议。     

潍北凹陷致密气藏的成藏条件研究

潍北凹陷的区域地质和石油地质研究结果表明,潍北凹陷具备了形成致密气藏的构造、沉积、烃源岩、储层、盖层和圈闭条件,其中最有利的地区和层系为北部洼陷带埋深大于3000m的孔店组二段砂岩。通过对大地构造背景和石油地质条件相似的潍北凹陷和东濮凹陷对比研究发现,这两个凹陷的致密气藏形成条件存在着差异,这些差异主要表现在烃源岩、储层和盖层条件上,其中东濮凹陷致密气藏的形成条件明显优于潍北凹陷。