荆条叶、枝超临界萃取物挥发性化学成分分析

超临界二氧化碳流体法制备北京地区野生芳香植物荆条叶、枝两个部位萃取物。气-质联机分析,计算机质谱库检索结合气相色谱保留指数二维定性,共鉴定出35种挥发性单萜或倍半萜类化合物。主要挥发性成分为β-丁香烯(质量分数:叶44.20%,枝47.15%)、β-甲基紫罗兰酮(质量分数:叶14.17%,枝8.68%)和β-金合欢烯(质量分数叶8.64%,枝10.55%)。     

红外光谱法与党参及其伪品夜关门的分析与鉴定

采用红外光谱三级鉴定法分析鉴别党参及其伪品夜关门。伪品夜关门一维红外光谱图和二阶导数谱分别与草酸钙标准谱图相比较,都验证该药材中含有一定量草酸钙。此外,谱图还验证党参及其伪品夜关门都在不同程度上含有糖苷类化合物和有机酯类化合物,而不同的是党参所含芳香类化合物高于夜关门。该方法不仅可以快速有效地鉴别党参及其伪品夜关门,还提供两者的有机酯类化合物以及芳香类和糖苷类化合物具有很大差别的一些有用的结构信息。因此,运用红外光谱法可以快速有效地分析和鉴定党参及其伪品夜关门。     

分子蒸馏富集华山松籽油中亚油酸的研究

对华山松籽油先进行乙酯化,然后利用刮膜式分子蒸馏器对其中的亚油酸进行富集.考察了进料速率、进料温度、蒸馏温度和刮膜转速对华山松籽油中亚油酸分离效果的影响.结果表明,刮膜式分子蒸馏技术提纯华山松籽油中亚油酸的最佳工艺条件为:蒸馏温度105～115 ℃,进料速率60～80 mL/h,进料温度55～60℃,操作压力1.0 Pa,刮膜转速200 r/min.经过四级分子蒸馏,可以将华山松籽油原料中的亚油酸纯度由原来的63.3%提高至82.7%.     

华榛种仁油提取及GC - MS分析

对采自湖南保靖白云山的华榛种仁,采用超声波提取法提取种仁油脂,设计正交实验比较不同超声强度、提取时间、溶剂种类、料液比对提取率的影响,获得最佳提取工艺条件为:以石油醚为溶剂,料液比1:9,超声强度250 W,提取时间30 min,油脂提取率为57.84％,所得油脂橙黄清亮.利用气相色谱-质谱( GC - MS)联用技术对油脂脂肪酸成分及含量进行分析,得出油酸69.54％,亚油酸16.09％,9-十六碳烯酸0.22％,棕榈酸9.01％,硬脂酸4.44％,11-二十烯酸0.24％,花生酸0.23％,2-己基环丙烷辛酸0.14％,十七烷酸0.09％,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量高达86.09％,具有较高的应用价值.     

Growth Promotion of Yunnan Pine Early Seedlings in Response to Foliar Application of IAA and IBA

A field experiment was conducted using a 3 × 3 orthogonal regression design to explore the growth promotion of one-year-old Yunnan pine seedlings (Pinus yunnanensis Franch.) in response to foliar application of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) at rates of 0, 200 and 400 mg·L(-1) and IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) at rates of 0, 200 and 400 mg·L(-1) in order to promote the growth during the seedlings' early stage. The experiment was conducted at the Lufeng Village Forest Farm of Yiliang County in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The results showed that IAA and IBA were effective in growth promotion of Yunnan pine seedlings. The response of both growth increment and biomass accumulation to the concentration of IAA and IBA can be modeled using a bivariate surface response, and each growth index had a peak value. Growth indexes increased with the increase of the dosage of photohormones before reaching a peak value, and then decreased. The different growth indexes had various responses to the concentrations and ratio of IAA and IBA. The foliar application of IAA in combination with IBA showed the largest improvement on the biomass of the needles, followed by stems and roots. The higher ratio of IAA promoted stem diameter growth, root system development and biomass accumulation in the needles, while a higher ratio of IBA contributed to height growth and biomass accumulation in the stem. Based on the auxin effect equations on the different growth indexes and surface response, the optimum concentrations and the (IAA:IBA) ratios can be obtained. The optimum concentrations of IAA and IBA were 167 and 186, 310 and 217, 193 and 159, 191 and 221, and 206 and 186 mg·L(-1), with corresponding ratios of 1:1.11, 1:0.70, 1:0.82, 1:1.15 and 1:0.90, respectively, at the maximum seedling height and collar diameter growth as well as biomass accumulation at the root, stem and needle. The above growth indexes were 22.00%, 79.80%, 48.65%, 82.20% and 107.00% higher than the control treatment.     

荆条挥发油中β-丁香烯的提取分离

首次从荆条植物中分离得到β-丁香烯。利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取荆条挥发油,得油率1.2%。经减压精馏、硅胶柱色谱、硝酸银-硅胶柱色谱等分离过程得到产物β-丁香烯,色谱纯度98.2%。通过红外光谱、质谱、核磁共振确认了结构。     

超临界CO_2萃取云南松松子油提取工艺研究

本试验采用超临界CO2萃取云南松松子油,以萃取温度、萃取压力和萃取时间3个因素进行单因素试验,在单因素试验结果的基础上,利用响应面法中的Box-Behnken和中心旋转组合设计对超临界CO2萃取云南松松子油的提取工艺条件进行了优化。各个条件均做3次重复试验,以平均值作为最后结果。试验结果表明:萃取温度、萃取压力和萃取时间3个因素对松子出油率影响都显著。经过验证性试验后,最终得到超临界CO2萃取云南松松子油的最佳工艺条件为:萃取温度36.7℃、萃取压力40.6MPa和萃取时间112.6min,在最佳条件下的出油率24.68%。     

Φ450YG02型盘齿（磨片）对厚壁纤维云南松打浆造纸可行性探讨

采用Φ４５０ＹＧ０２型新磨片对厚壁纤维云南松硫酸盐高得率化学浆进行打浆后，用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）观察到的纤维形态和老磨片相比，能产生较好的表面和内部细纤维化，对改善和提高纸袋纸质量起了重要作用。     

千针万线草挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取千针万线草挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术对相似度超过85%化学成分进行分离和鉴定,并用峰面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量。结果共鉴定出40个化合物,其主要成分为香草醛(21.73%)、香草乙酮(8.86%)、十四碳酰胺(6.97%)、三苯基氧膦(4.58%)、4-羟乙酰基-2-甲氧基苯酚(3.01%)、溴代十八烷(2.74%)、十四碳烯醇乙酸酯(1.57%)、丁香醛(1.28%)、十三酸(1.23%)、异香草醛(1.13%)等。     

乌鸦果根甲醇提取物的抑真菌作用研究

乌鸦果根经甲醇回流提取、石油醚脱脂得到鸟鸦果根甲醇提取物。采用双层培养基法测定其抑真菌活性、琼脂梯度稀释法测定最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度。结果表明,乌鸦果根甲醇提取物（1000mg·mL^-1）对供试的21种真菌均有不同程度的抑菌活性。最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均为31．2-250mg·mL^-1;且提取物抑菌能力与其浓度呈正相关关系。表明乌鸦果根甲醇提取物具有广谱抑制真菌作用,可以作为植物源农药进一步深入研究,具有潜在的开发利用价值。