石膏转化制硫酸钾结晶动力学及结晶添加剂研究

研究了浓氨介质中石膏与氯化钾直接转化制硫酸钾的结晶动力学及结晶添加剂的作用效果。结果表明 ,硫酸钾在氨介质中的成核速率与晶体生长速率、悬浮密度、搅拌速率存在如下关联式 :B0 =5 .64 13×10 8G3.32 0 8Mt0 .0 559np0 .2 92 8。加入异丙醇、OP乳化剂及十二烷基苯磺酸钠等添加剂 ,可使硫酸钾结晶产品纯度提高 ,晶体形态整齐均匀     

Accumulation of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in cured pork sausages treated with propolis extracts

Propolis collected by bees has many components that possess antifungal, anticancer and antioxidant properties. Cured ground pork meat was treated separately with 0.4% w/w ethanol‐extracted propolis (EEP 0.4%), 0.6% w/w water‐extracted propolis (WEP 0.6%), 0.8% w/w dried residue of ethanol‐extracted propolis (DREEP 0.8%) and 0.1% w/w potassium sorbate (PS 0.1%) and made into sausages. Thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) were measured in the sausages to assess the effects of storage at 5, 10 and 20 °C after 0, 2 and 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of storage at 5 °C the sausages treated with EEP 0.4%, DREEP 0.8%, WEP 0.6% and PS 0.1% yielded TBARS values which were 50, 59, 35 and 91% respectively of the control value. There was an increase of 0.33 mg MDA kg^?1, the lowest of all treatments, in TBARS for the 0.4% w/w EEP‐treated sausages. The curing process will control microbiological spoilage, as will potassium sorbate. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Improvement of the deflocculating power of polyacrylates in ceramic slips by small additions of quaternary ammonium salts

In this work, we examine the effect of small additions of cationic quaternary ammonium salts (QAS) of different molecular weight on the rheology of an industrial ceramic suspension deflocculated with sodium polyacrylate and sodium metasilicate. The observed shear thinning behaviors obey the typical power law of fluid rheology. In order to characterize the rheological behavior of these slurries, three new parameters are introduced: a low shear rate consistency index and two transient viscosities, distant from the equilibrium, after increasing and decreasing the shear rates. These parameters vary with polyacrylate molecular weight and on additions of small quantities of QAS, which we found to be useful for decreasing the slurry viscosity.     

Synthesis of polyanilines with pendant fluorescent units

Functionalized polyanilines containing biphenyl, terphenyl, carbazole, anthracene, and 4-n-hexylphenyl moieties were synthesized though the reaction of polyaniline in emeraldine base form with sodium salt of corresponding vinylketoaromatics with quantitative yields. Polymers were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetry. The emission characteristics of these polymers in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solution were examined. The functionalized polyanilines exhibited an intense green emission.     

Development of catalysts for hydrogen generation from hydride compounds

Catalytic hydrolysis of NaBH₄ and NH₃BH₃ has been studied. It was shown that the nature of the support and the active component of the catalyst affect the H₂ generation rate. Despite similar sizes of rhodium particles formed on the surface of different supports (γ-Al₂O₃, TiO₂, carbon), their reactivity is different. Rh/TiO₂ with low rhodium concentration (1 wt.%) is the most active catalyst both in the hydrolysis of NaBH₄ and NH₃BH₃. The obtained results show that the rhodium chloride interaction with titania determines the reactivity of rhodium particles formed under action of NaBH₄ medium. TEM, DRS UV–vis and XPS were used to characterize the catalysts.     

Hydrothermal Reaction Mechanism and Pathway for the Formation of K2Ti6O13 Nanowires

Calculations and detailed first principle and thermodynamic analyses have been performed to understand the formation mechanism of K₂Ti₆O₁₃ nanowires (NWs) by a hydrothermal reaction between bulk Na₂Ti₃O₇ crystals and a KOH solution. It is found that direct ion exchange between K⁺ and Na⁺ plus H⁺ interactions with [TiO₆] octahedra in Na₂Ti₃O₇ promote the formation of an intermediate H₂K₂Ti₆O₁₄ phase. The large lattice mismatch between this intermediate phase and the bulk Na₂Ti₃O₇ structure, and the large energy reduction associated with the formation of this intermediate phase, drive the splitting of the bulk crystal into H₂K₂Ti₆O₁₄ NWs. However, these NWs are not stable because of large [TiO₆] octahedra distortion and are subject to a dehydration process, which results in uniform K₂Ti₆O₁₃ NWs with narrowly distributed diameters of around 10 nm.     

不同锌钛比对纳米钛酸锌（ZnO—TiO2）体系成分的影响

以工业偏钛酸、硫酸锌、氨水为主要原料，用直接沉淀法并进行热处理得到钛酸锌粉体，并用XRD对产物成分进行了检测。结果表明，不同的锌钛比对钛酸锌（ZnO-TiO2）体系的成分有较大影响。     

纳米材料对PBT合成的催化性能研究

用溶胶－凝胶法制备TiO2及TiO2/SiO2复合纳米材料，作为PBT（聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯）合成的催化剂，与现在普通使用的催化剂钛酸丁酯进行了比较和研究。结果发现，TiO2/SiO2复合纳米材料催化性能最好，纳米TiO2次之。     

钠冷快堆中喷雾钠火的计算分析

根据钠冷快堆中喷雾钠火的特点建立了理论模型，编制了SSPRAY程序。该程序模拟钠喷雾燃料过程中钠滴的运动、钠和氧气的燃烧反应、热量传递和质量传递等瞬态过程。用该程序计算了气体和墙壁温度、气体压力、氧气摩尔份额、喷雾流燃烧速率和热量热递速率等主要参数。利用AI实验数据和美国SPRAY－3A的计算结果对程序进行了验证，结果符合较好。