干燥方法对沙芥叶片品质的影响

研究自然干燥、真空干燥、鼓风干燥(40、60、80℃)3种干燥方法对沙芥干燥产品及复水后产品物理性质及营养成分的影响。结果表明:不同干燥方法处理的沙芥叶的物理性质及营养成分与鲜叶有较大差异,在物理性质方面,真空干燥叶片复水率显著高于其它处理(p<0.05);在营养成分方面,真空干燥条件下沙芥叶片与其复水后叶片的游离氨基酸、VC、可溶性蛋白含量均高于其它干燥方法。综上所述,真空干燥对沙芥叶片营养成分的破坏最小,复水性好而且干燥时间较短,是一种较好的沙芥叶片干制品的制备方法。      

土人参绿茶复合饮料的研制

以药食兼用材料土人参、绿茶为主要原料,加入白砂糖和柠檬酸等辅料,通过单因素和正交试验研制出一种具有保健功能、风味独特的复合饮料。结果表明,土人参液含量为30%、绿茶液含量为25%、白砂糖含量为8%、柠檬酸含量为0.1%时,饮料的感官品质评分达到最高,且各项指标均符合国家相关规定。     

无患子籽油脂肪酸成分分析

为了开发利用无患子资源,对无患子籽油的主要理化特性及脂肪酸组成进行了研究.结果表明:无患子种仁含油量为42.7%,无患子籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量高达86.63%,其中油酸含量为55.68%;无患子籽油的酸值(KOH)为4.33 mg/g,碘值(I)为102.22 g/100 g,是很有开发前景的生物柴油的原料.     

无患子皂苷-十二烷基苯磺酸钠复配体系表面活性及在制备氢氧化镍复合材料中的应用

研究了无患子皂苷与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)复配体系的表面活性,并将其应用于氢氧化镍复合材料的制备中;采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料进行了结构表征,考察了表面活性剂对材料形貌的影响。研究表明,自提无患子皂苷临界胶束浓度(cmc)和对应表面张力(γ_(cmc))分别为0.200 g/L和38.3 mN/m;在复配体系中,当SDBS的质量分数为5%时,两者表现出协同作用,而当SDBS的质量分数增至20%后,则呈现对抗作用;以SDBS质量分数为5%的表面活性剂复配体系作为添加剂,在0.83 g/L时,制备得到直径约为3μm形貌均匀的球状氢氧化镍复合材料。     

Purification and Characterization of Aporphine Alkaloids from Leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and Their Effects on Glucose Consumption in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Aporphine alkaloids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn are substances of great interest because of their important pharmacological activities, particularly anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-HIV’s activities. In order to produce large amounts of pure alkaloid for research purposes, a novel method using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. Without any initial cleanup steps, four main aporphine alkaloids, including 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine, pronuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine were successfully purified from the crude extract by HSCCC in one step. The separation was performed with a simple two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-acetonitrile-water (5:3:3:2.5:5, v/v/v/v/v). In each operation, 100 mg crude extracts was separated and yielded 6.3 mg of 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine (95.1% purity), 1.1 mg of pronuciferine (96.8% purity), 8.5 mg of nuciferine (98.9% purity), and 2.7 mg of roemerine (97.4%) respectively. The chemical structure of four aporphine alkaloids are identified by means of electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Moreover, the effects of four separated aporphine alkaloids on insulin-stimulated glucose consumption were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine and pronuciferine increased the glucose consumption significantly as rosiglitazone did.     

Enhanced granulation by natural ionic polymer additives in UASB reactor treating low-strength wastewater

Effect of natural ionic polymer additives on granulation in lab-scale UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater (COD 750-850 mg/L) was examined. The organic loading rate was 1.477+/-0.118 kgCOD/m3/day. Under identical conditions four similar reactors were operated in parallel with the following additives: control with no additive, anionic part of Reetha (Sapindus trifoliata) extract, cationic part of Reetha extract, and Chitosan. By the end of the study period, Chitosan as an additive produced largest granules with mean size of 0.15 mm closely followed by the cationic fraction of the Reetha extract with mean size of 0.144 mm, and anionic fractions of the Reetha extract with 0.139 mm. Control reactor with no additives had the smallest size granules with mean size of 0.128 mm. The fraction of granules in the sludge bed of size >0.1 mm showed similar trend. The largest granule size observed in the reactors with additives was 4-5mm as compared to 2 mm in the control reactor. Cationic polymers were more effective additives for enhancing sludge granulation. Exo-cellular protein, lipid, sugar and total polymer increased with granulation in the reactors. A COD removal efficiency of 95-98% was achieved in all the reactors.     

Adsorption Behavior of Dyestuffs on Hollow Activated Carbon Fiber from Biomass

This study focuses on the adsorption behavior of typical dyestuffs (methylene blue and reactive black 5) on hollow activated carbon fibers (ACFs) obtained from Kapok- and Hasuo-seed based biomass. It was found that the adsorption of dyestuffs on ACFs increased with increasing pH and temperature. In addition, the Hasuo-seed based ACFs showed higher adsorption capacities than the Kapok-seed based ACFs for dyestuffs. It was also determined from the adsorption energy distribution results that the ACFs are having energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The results clearly indicated that the prepared ACF in this study could efficiently remove dyes dissolved in water.     

Effect of Natural and Synthetic Surfactant on the Rheology of Light Crude Oil

Comparative effectiveness of natural surfactant extracted from Sapindus mukorossi in laboratory and commercial surfactant Brij 30 was determined. Light crude oil was collected from ONGC, Gujarat, India. Its pour point and viscosity decreased significantly after adding surfactants. Wax crystal structure and crystal size distribution was analyzed using cross polarized light microscope and dynamic light scattering techniques. There was remarkable reduction in radius of wax crystals after addition of both the surfactants. Microscopic studies showed significant change in size and structure of wax crystals favoring reduction in viscosity. The possible mechanism behind improvement of flow properties was also analyzed through FTIR studies.     

Antioxidant activities of extract and fractions from receptaculum nelumbinis and related flavonol glycosides

The antioxidant activities of ethanolic crude extract (ECE) and its four different solvent sub-fractions (namely, petroleum ether fraction (PEF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (BF) and the aqueous fraction (AF) from the receptacles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) were investigated using two in vitro antioxidant assays. BF showed the highest total phenolic content (607.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), total flavonoid content (862.7 mg/g rutin equivalents) and total proanthocyanidin content (331.0 mg/g catechin equivalents), accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Five flavonol glycosides, namely hyperoside (1), isoquercitrin (2), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-galactoside (4) and syringetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (5) were isolated from the Receptaculum Nelumbinis. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from the Receptaculum Nelumbinis. The five isolated flavone glycosides, particularly compounds 1-3, demonstrated significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, with IC(50) values of 8.9 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 0.2, 7.5 ± 0.1 for DPPH and 114.2 ± 1.7, 112.8 ± 0.8, 172.5 ± 0.7 μg/mL for ABTS, respectively. These results suggest that Receptaculum Nelumbinis has strong antioxidant potential and may be potentially used as a safe and inexpensive bioactive source of natural antioxidants.     

无患子油的提取、理化性质及其制备生物柴油的研究

研究了无患子油脂的提取条件、理化性质和以该油制备生物柴油的工艺.结果表明:油脂提取最佳条件:石油醚体积与种籽质量比5∶1,提取时间为2h,提取温度为70℃,无患子得油率为42.0％;无患子油脂主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生酸、二十碳烯酸、山嵛酸、芥子酸等脂肪酸组成,其中不饱和脂肪酸质量分数91.85％,其主要理化性质为酸值:4.1 mg KOH/g、皂化值:184.83 mg KOH/g、碘值:110.16 gI2/100 g、折光率:1.480 8,脂肪酸组成、质量分数及理化性质等符合生物柴油标准.应用L9(34)正交试验得出无患子油酯交换反应制备生物柴油的最佳条件为:油醇物质的量比1∶6、催化剂用量为油质量的1.2％、反应时间2h、反应温度60℃,转化率为93.6％.并对无患子生物柴油性能进行了检测,它与0#柴油、国标GB/T 20828-2007《柴油机燃料调和用生物柴油》的主要性能指标相接近,它是一种理想的0#柴油的替代品.