无患子籽油脂肪酸成分分析

为了开发利用无患子资源,对无患子籽油的主要理化特性及脂肪酸组成进行了研究.结果表明:无患子种仁含油量为42.7%,无患子籽油不饱和脂肪酸含量高达86.63%,其中油酸含量为55.68%;无患子籽油的酸值(KOH)为4.33 mg/g,碘值(I)为102.22 g/100 g,是很有开发前景的生物柴油的原料.     

Adsorption Behavior of Dyestuffs on Hollow Activated Carbon Fiber from Biomass

This study focuses on the adsorption behavior of typical dyestuffs (methylene blue and reactive black 5) on hollow activated carbon fibers (ACFs) obtained from Kapok- and Hasuo-seed based biomass. It was found that the adsorption of dyestuffs on ACFs increased with increasing pH and temperature. In addition, the Hasuo-seed based ACFs showed higher adsorption capacities than the Kapok-seed based ACFs for dyestuffs. It was also determined from the adsorption energy distribution results that the ACFs are having energetically heterogeneous surfaces. The results clearly indicated that the prepared ACF in this study could efficiently remove dyes dissolved in water.     

Enhanced granulation by natural ionic polymer additives in UASB reactor treating low-strength wastewater

Effect of natural ionic polymer additives on granulation in lab-scale UASB reactors treating low-strength synthetic wastewater (COD 750-850 mg/L) was examined. The organic loading rate was 1.477+/-0.118 kgCOD/m3/day. Under identical conditions four similar reactors were operated in parallel with the following additives: control with no additive, anionic part of Reetha (Sapindus trifoliata) extract, cationic part of Reetha extract, and Chitosan. By the end of the study period, Chitosan as an additive produced largest granules with mean size of 0.15 mm closely followed by the cationic fraction of the Reetha extract with mean size of 0.144 mm, and anionic fractions of the Reetha extract with 0.139 mm. Control reactor with no additives had the smallest size granules with mean size of 0.128 mm. The fraction of granules in the sludge bed of size >0.1 mm showed similar trend. The largest granule size observed in the reactors with additives was 4-5mm as compared to 2 mm in the control reactor. Cationic polymers were more effective additives for enhancing sludge granulation. Exo-cellular protein, lipid, sugar and total polymer increased with granulation in the reactors. A COD removal efficiency of 95-98% was achieved in all the reactors.     

Purification and Characterization of Aporphine Alkaloids from Leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and Their Effects on Glucose Consumption in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes

Aporphine alkaloids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn are substances of great interest because of their important pharmacological activities, particularly anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidant, and anti-HIV’s activities. In order to produce large amounts of pure alkaloid for research purposes, a novel method using high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC) was developed. Without any initial cleanup steps, four main aporphine alkaloids, including 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine, pronuciferine, nuciferine and roemerine were successfully purified from the crude extract by HSCCC in one step. The separation was performed with a simple two-phase solvent system composed of n-hexane-ethyl acetate-methanol-acetonitrile-water (5:3:3:2.5:5, v/v/v/v/v). In each operation, 100 mg crude extracts was separated and yielded 6.3 mg of 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine (95.1% purity), 1.1 mg of pronuciferine (96.8% purity), 8.5 mg of nuciferine (98.9% purity), and 2.7 mg of roemerine (97.4%) respectively. The chemical structure of four aporphine alkaloids are identified by means of electrospray ionization MS (ESI-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. Moreover, the effects of four separated aporphine alkaloids on insulin-stimulated glucose consumption were examined in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The results showed that 2-hydroxy-1-methoxyaporphine and pronuciferine increased the glucose consumption significantly as rosiglitazone did.     

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定不同产地莲子心中19种金属元素及其主成分分析

目的 建立莲子心19种金属元素的电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, ICP-MS）的分析方法,并对不同产地莲子心金属元素含量进行比较分析。方法 莲子心样品经微波消解,采用ICP-MS测定金属元素含量,并绘制金属元素指纹图谱,采用SPSS 26.0对金属元素含量进行主成分分析。结果 莲子心19种金属元素指纹图谱具有一定的特征性;有害金属元素含量应引起关注。主成分分析筛选出8个主因子, 得出B、S、Ca、Mn、Fe、Zn、Sr、Sb、Ba、As、Pb是莲子心的特征金属元素;与主成分分析结果呈正相关的元素相关性从大到小依次为Pb、As、Ba、Zn、Sb、Mg、Cd、K、S、B、Na、Hg、Cu、Fe、Ni;呈负相关的元素相关性从大到小依次为Sr、Mn、Ca、Mo。结论 该方法快速、准确、灵敏度高,适用于测定莲子心多种金属元素含量的同时测定,为莲子心的质量控制及安全性评价提供依据。     

响应面法优化假酸浆子胶质提取工艺研究

针对假酸浆子胶质的提取,以水为提取溶剂,通过单因素试验选取试验因素与水平,根据Box-Behnken的中心组合试验设计原理,在单因素试验的基础上采用三因素三水平的响应面分析法,依据回归分析确定各工艺条件的影响因素,以胶质提取率为响应值作响应面和等值线图。结果表明,料液比、温度、浸提时间对胶质提取率都有显著影响,提取工艺条件为温度63℃、浸提时间50min、料液比1:8.7、浸提3 次时,胶质提取率达到极大值。此条件下胶质提取率预测值为10.658%,验证值为10.635%。     

干燥方法对沙芥叶片品质的影响

研究自然干燥、真空干燥、鼓风干燥(40、60、80℃)3种干燥方法对沙芥干燥产品及复水后产品物理性质及营养成分的影响。结果表明:不同干燥方法处理的沙芥叶的物理性质及营养成分与鲜叶有较大差异,在物理性质方面,真空干燥叶片复水率显著高于其它处理(p<0.05);在营养成分方面,真空干燥条件下沙芥叶片与其复水后叶片的游离氨基酸、VC、可溶性蛋白含量均高于其它干燥方法。综上所述,真空干燥对沙芥叶片营养成分的破坏最小,复水性好而且干燥时间较短,是一种较好的沙芥叶片干制品的制备方法。      

Antioxidant activities of extract and fractions from receptaculum nelumbinis and related flavonol glycosides

The antioxidant activities of ethanolic crude extract (ECE) and its four different solvent sub-fractions (namely, petroleum ether fraction (PEF), ethyl acetate fraction (EAF), n-butanol fraction (BF) and the aqueous fraction (AF) from the receptacles of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (Receptaculum Nelumbinis) were investigated using two in vitro antioxidant assays. BF showed the highest total phenolic content (607.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents), total flavonoid content (862.7 mg/g rutin equivalents) and total proanthocyanidin content (331.0 mg/g catechin equivalents), accompanied with the highest antioxidant activity compared to other fractions through 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Five flavonol glycosides, namely hyperoside (1), isoquercitrin (2), quercetin-3-O-β-d-glucuronide (3), isorhamnetin-3-O-β-d-galactoside (4) and syringetin-3-O-β-d-glucoside (5) were isolated from the Receptaculum Nelumbinis. Compounds 2-5 were isolated for the first time from the Receptaculum Nelumbinis. The five isolated flavone glycosides, particularly compounds 1-3, demonstrated significant DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity, with IC(50) values of 8.9 ± 0.2, 5.2 ± 0.2, 7.5 ± 0.1 for DPPH and 114.2 ± 1.7, 112.8 ± 0.8, 172.5 ± 0.7 μg/mL for ABTS, respectively. These results suggest that Receptaculum Nelumbinis has strong antioxidant potential and may be potentially used as a safe and inexpensive bioactive source of natural antioxidants.     

Effect of Natural and Synthetic Surfactant on the Rheology of Light Crude Oil

Comparative effectiveness of natural surfactant extracted from Sapindus mukorossi in laboratory and commercial surfactant Brij 30 was determined. Light crude oil was collected from ONGC, Gujarat, India. Its pour point and viscosity decreased significantly after adding surfactants. Wax crystal structure and crystal size distribution was analyzed using cross polarized light microscope and dynamic light scattering techniques. There was remarkable reduction in radius of wax crystals after addition of both the surfactants. Microscopic studies showed significant change in size and structure of wax crystals favoring reduction in viscosity. The possible mechanism behind improvement of flow properties was also analyzed through FTIR studies.