Coarse head pose estimation of construction equipment operators to formulate dynamic blind spots

Several hundred workers die in construction in the United States every year because equipment operators are unable to see their fellow workers during operation of their vehicle. In this paper we propose a step towards improving this situation by providing an automated method based on range imaging for estimating the coarse head orientation of a construction equipment operator. This research utilizes commercially-available low resolution range cameras to measure the continuously changing field-of-view (FOV) of an equipment operator in outdoor construction. This paper presents a methodology to measure so-called dynamic blind spot maps. The dynamic blind spot map is then projected on a known static equipment blind spot map that already exists to each construction vehicle. A robust computational coarse head pose estimation algorithm and results to three different pieces of construction equipment and multiple operators are presented. The developed method has the potential in automatically determining the spaces around vehicles that are currently not in the field-of-view of the vehicle operator thus providing eventually additional means and technology for improving safety in construction.     

基于局部线性嵌入和支持向量机回归的TBM施工参数预测

依托吉林引松工程开展隧道掘进机（TBM）施工参数预测研究,提出TBM施工数据分段提取算法,提取上升段前30 s的总推进力、刀盘转速、推进速度、刀盘扭矩、刀盘转速电位器设定值、推进速度电位器设定值、贯入度、贯入度指数(FPI)、扭矩切深指数(TPI)9个参数作为输入;通过局部线性嵌入（LLE）完成对上升段数据特征的降维;基于支持向量机回归（SVR）建立TBM施工控制参数（推进速度、刀盘转速）和负载参数（总推进力、刀盘扭矩）预测模型. 分析是否结合前一掘进循环的FPI、TPI指数进行预测对预测效果的影响. 结果表明,上述方法在推进速度、刀盘转速、总推进力、刀盘扭矩的预测中均取得了较好的预测效果,平均预测绝对百分比误差均小于15%,验证了该预测方法的有效性,该方法可以为TBM现场施工提供指导.     

优化SVR的加权马尔可夫链用电量预测

研究电力系统中用电量的准确预测问题.由于影响用电量的因素众多,并且用电量数据与相关因素之间呈现高度的非线性关系,传统的预测方法很难捕捉用电量的变化趋势,预测精度较低.为了提高预测的精度,提出了一种马尔可夫链优化的SVR模型.上述模型根据支持向量回归机原理,以网络搜索交叉验证的思想优化模型参数,通过加权马尔可夫链原理优化预测结果,将原来的数值预测转化为概率区间上的预测.同时,在利用加权马尔可夫链的预测信息之后,也提高了预测的精度.最后,将改进模型应用于江苏省全社会用电量的预测分析,实验结果表明优化的支持向量模型优于其它对比模型,有较高的泛化能力和预测精度.     

Biologically adaptive robust mean shift algorithm with Cauchy predator-prey BBO and space variant resolution for unmanned helicopter formation

Visual tracking technology can provide measurement information for unmanned helicopter formation and thus, more attention is being paid to this research area. We propose a novel mean shift （MS） algorithm that is both adaptive and robust for unmanned helicopter formation and apply it to the leading unmanned helicopter tracking. The movement of an unmanned helicopter is very flexible and changeable, which makes the tracking there of more difficulty than for common targets. In creating an algorithm that can adapt to the acceleration of the unmanned helicopter and estimates both the scale and orientation of the movement changes, we combine the traditional MS with the bio-inspired Cauchy predator-prey biogeography-based optimization （CPPBBO） evolutionary algorithm, and also the space variant resolution （SVR） mechanism of the human visual system （MS-CPPBBO-SVR）. To demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method and justify the importance of the CPPBBO algorithm and SVR mechanism at the same time, a series of comparative exper- iments were carried out. The experimental results of the proposed MS-CPPBBO-SVR method are compared with other competitive tracking methods, such as MS, MS with SVR （MS-SVR）, MS-SVR with several other optimization algorithms, and the robust particle filter algorithm. The experimental results demonstrate that our proposed tracking approach, MS-CPPBBO-SVR, is more adaptive, robust and efficient in target tracking than the other methods.     

融合CNN-BiLSTM-Attention的集成学习价格预测

价格预测对于大宗农产品市场的稳定具有重要意义,但是大宗农产品价格与多种因素有着复杂的相关关系.针对当前价格预测中对数据完整性依赖性强与单一模型难以全面利用多种数据特征等问题,提出了一种将基于注意力机制的卷积双向长短期记忆神经网络(CNN-BiLSTM-Attention)、支持向量机回归(SVR)与LightGBM组合的增强式集成学习方法,并分别在包含历史交易、天气、汇率、油价等多种特征数据的数据集上进行了实验.实验以小麦和棉花价格预测为目标任务,使用互信息法进行特征选择,选择误差较低的CNN-BiLSTM-Attention模型作为基模型,与机器学习模型通过线性回归进行增强式集成学习.实验结果表明该集成学习方法在小麦及棉花数据集上预测结果的均方根误差(RMSE)值分别为12.812, 74.365,较之3个基模型分别降低11.00%, 0.94%、4.44%,1.99%与13.03%, 4.39%,能够有效降低价格预测的误差.     

基于支持向量回归（ε-SVR）预测的分布式机器视觉算法的研究

针对目前我国现代分布式机器视觉系统的发展现状,通过研究分布式视觉系统中的时延和网络阻塞问题,提出了一种基于支持向量回归（ε-SVR）预测的分布式机器视觉算法模型,该算法能够有效的预测时延变化,预测效果超过同类型的预测方法。实验和应用表明：与同类型预测方法相比,该模型不但能够在预测效果上达到现有预测水平,而且能大大提高预测速度,适应实时预测的需要。     

基于多特征结合与加权支持向量机的图像去噪方法

在基于支持向量机(SVM)的图像去噪方法的基础上,提出了一种基于多特征结合与加权SVM的图像去噪方法。首先,根据图像中相邻像素的相关性及椒盐噪声的特点,提取含噪图像中的多种特征;然后,利用针对不平衡数据集所改进的加权SVM分类器,识别出含噪图像中的噪声点,再利用支持向量回归机(SVR)对噪声点的原始灰度值进行回归预测;最后,重构图像以达到去噪的目的。实验结果表明,该方法能提高SVM分类器对噪声点的识别率,改善分类器的性能,并能在去噪的同时较好地保留图像的边缘信息,获得较高的峰值信噪比(PSNR)。     

用于图像恢复的基于SVR的自适应新滤波器的研究*

提出了一种用SVR回归器识别脉冲噪声的思想,并将其应用于图像滤波和恢复,形成了用于对脉冲噪声进行滤波的SVR自适应滤波器。这种滤波器在滤波时,先用SVR对待识别像素作噪声识别,再对含噪声的像素作中值滤波。用SVR作噪声识别时,先对滤波窗口作SVR回归,通过待识别像素回归距的大小判断其是否含有噪声。在进行SVR回归时,使用鲁棒的Huber损失函数。由于更充分地利用了待识别像素点的局部背景信息,这种滤波器提高了脉冲噪声识别的正确率。实验表明,在保留原图像的细节信息方面,其滤波效果要优于基于SVC的中值滤波器。     

基于自校正支持向量回归的锌产量在线预报模型及应用

提出了基于自校正支持向量回归的密闭鼓风炉锌产量在线预报模型，以便根据预报结果来调整参数，实现锌产量最大．在该模型中，支持向量回归的数学模型被转换成与支持向量分类一样的格式，然后采用简化的SMO方法训练回归系数向量a-a*和阈值b，并在训练过程中动态调整惩罚系数C．最后，给出锌产量的在线预报算法．仿真结果表明，该预报模型在只有较少的样本数的情况下，在有效误差范围内预报精度能达到90％，且具有很好的实时性．     

基于参数自适应SVR的火电厂热工参数软测量

影响火电厂经济运行的一个重要因素是许多重要技术参数和经济参数难以进行在线实时测量。提出了一种新型软测量模型,它基于支持向量回归(SVR)算法,利用训练数据性能信息获得模型训练参数,减少人为因素对模型精度的影响,提高了建模效率和模型精度。某火电厂历史实测数据仿真结果表明,文中提出的方法能有效实现热工过程参数的软测量,有较大实用价值。