The influence of the ion content of whey on the pH-activity profile of the β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae

The pH-dependence of the reaction kinetics of lactase (β-galactosidase) from Aspergillus oryzae in different reaction media is presented in terms of a two-parameter model. The lactase from A. oryzae seems to have replaced the A. niger lactase on the market owing to a better activity/price ratio and may be utilised for lactose hydrolysis in acid as well as in neutral milk products. Its pH optimum is around pH 4.5. However, in the neutral pH-range its activity depended strongly on the salt content of the substrate solution. For example, its activity in whey (pH 6.5) fell to only 30% of its expected activity in a pure lactose solution at the same pH. The whey effect was the same for both soluble and immobilised lactase. The two parameter kinetic model, which included a term for competitive product inhibition gave excellent agreement with experimental data, and may thus be useful for the prediction of reactor performance with this enzyme.     

转盘反应器固定米根霉的L－乳酸发酵

研究了米根霉的固定化方法，研制了用吸附法固定米根霉的生物转盘反应器，考察了在该反应器中培养基组成及其它操作条件对Ｌ－乳酸发酵的影响。实验结果表明，应用吸附法固定化的米根霉及生物转盘反应器进行Ｌ－乳酸发酵具有发酵速率快，Ｌ－乳酸得率高及既能用于连续发酵又能用于间歇发酵等优点     

米曲霉在牛乳中最适生长条件的研究

利用米曲霉对牛乳进行发酵,通过单因子及正交试验以菌丝体干重为指标对其在牛乳中的生长进行了研究．结果表明：接种量为4％,装液量为30mL,摇床转速为180r／min时菌丝体干重可达到最大．此外测得最大菌丝体干重时的蛋白质分解率可达35．6％．     

酱油曲菌的选择及酱油发酵条件

研究了日本酱油生产菌AspergillusoryzaeJP DQ 1,AspergillusoryzaeJP W和我国酱油生产菌AspergillusoryzaeAS3.951的酶系。结果表明:3种菌在浓酱油曲和白酱油曲培养基上均可产生α 淀粉酶、糖化酶、纤维素外切酶、果胶酶、酸性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶;JP W是较好的白酱油生产菌,JP DQ 1是较好的浓酱油生产菌。还对酱油酵母的生理特性进行了部分研究,发现食盐浓度对酱油酵母生长影响较大,酱油发酵过程的盐浓度不宜超过3mol／L,低于2mol／L更佳。酱油酵母的较适生长pH为4.5～5.5。     

Regulation of Autophagy Machinery in Magnaporthe oryzae

Plant diseases cause substantial loss to crops all over the world, reducing the quality and quantity of agricultural goods significantly. One of the world’s most damaging plant diseases, rice blast poses a substantial threat to global food security. Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blast disease, which challenges world food security by causing substantial damage in rice production annually. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved breakdown and recycling system in eukaryotes that regulate homeostasis, stress adaption, and programmed cell death. Recently, new studies found that the autophagy process plays a vital role in the pathogenicity of M. oryzae and the regulation mechanisms are gradually clarified. Here we present a brief summary of the recent advances, concentrating on the new findings of autophagy regulation mechanisms and summarize some autophagy-related techniques in rice blast fungus. This review will help readers to better understand the relationship between autophagy and the virulence of plant pathogenic fungi.     

反相HPLC双检测器法同时测定米根霉乳酸发酵液中的有机酸与葡萄糖

提出了用高效液相色谱法同时测定米根霉乳酸发酵液中的有机酸和葡萄糖。用Ｗａｋｏｓｉ－Ⅱ５Ｃ１８ＲＳ（４．６ｍｍ＊１５０ｍｍ,５μｍ）色谱柱,以０．０１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸水溶液（ＰＨ２．５）为流动相,流速１ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ,利用有机酸及葡萄糖对紫外光吸收强弱的差异,采用双检测器系统,以示差折光检测器检测葡萄糖,以可变波长检测器检测有机酸,一次进样可同时定性及定量分析待测样中的有机酸及葡萄糖,每个样品的分析过程     

客家糯米酒药曲开发的工艺技术研究

在客家米酒民间制曲工艺基础上,利用筛选得到的根霉和拟内孢霉属酵母为生产菌株,研究了温湿度、接种量及接种比例、添加中草药等工艺条件对药曲生产的影响,确定了药曲生产工艺条件为添加中药材6％,根霉菌种和酵母液重量比3∶2,接种量1％,保持品温30℃～32℃,相对湿度85％～95％,培养60h烘干即成药曲;按0.5％～1.0％比例加曲进行糯米酒6批次发酵试验,酒精度平均达到13.5％vol较对照组提高17％.     

Characteristics of L-lactic Acid Production byRhizopus oryzae mutant RL6041

A high-yield mutant strain Rhizopus oryzae RL6041 induced by ions implantation was used in the present study. L (+)-lactic acid was generated by RL6041 grown on liquefied corn starch as a substrate. With optimal conditions (Liquefied corn starch 150g/L, (NH₄)₂SO₄ 2.0g/L, MgSO₄·7H₂O 1.0g/L, ZnSO₄·7H₂O 2g/L, KH₂PO₄ 0.2g/L, CaCO₃ 8%, medium size 20/250Ml, seed age 6h, fermentation temperature 38° C), the yield of L (+)-lactic acid in shake-flask reached 133～136g/L after 36h, indicating that the conversion rate was as high as 88%～91%, and the productivity was 3.75g/L·h. There was almost a 70% increase in lactic acid production compared with the original strain RE3303.     

微生物甾体C11羟化反应的研究现状

羟化反应是甾体微生物转化反应中最重要的反应.介绍了甾体C11羟化的反应机理,并从增加底物溶解性,改善细胞通透性及新型转化系统等方面对微生物C11羟化的新工艺和新技术进行了综述,概述了近五年以来甾体C11羟化的研究现状.在甾体新型转化工艺方面,着重介绍了双液相体系、固定化技术、静息细胞法、多菌协同转化等技术.     

米曲霉菌种选育的研究进展

介绍了诱变育种、原生质体融合及基因工程技术在米曲霉茵种选育中的应用及研究进展。