L-带掺铒光纤放大器的研究与进展

通过理论计算，比较了C－带掺铒光纤放大器和L－带掺铒光纤放大器的增益特性，并较为全面地阐述了近几年来国内外对L－带掺铒光纤放大器的研究情况。通过对L－带掺铒光纤放大器工作原理的分析，总结出新的设计思路与方案，提出了一些新的研究点。     

Photoelectronic and transport properties of polypyrrole doped with a dianionic dye

Polypyrrole (PPy) doped with dodecylsulfate (DS) and an organic dye (indigo carmine, IC) was electrochemically prepared and characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoelectrochemical properties of PPy-DS and PPy-DS-IC in contact with an electrolytic solution containing a redox couple were studied using the theories for the semiconductor ∣ electrolyte interface. Results indicate that the system containing IC presents a higher photocurrent density under polychromatic illumination and faster response time when compared with PPy-DS. This fact was assigned to the formation of molecular-scale paths in PPy-DS-IC. The IC molecules lying perpendicularly between PPy chains, as confirmed by the X-ray analysis, could facilitate the mass transport at the interface and increase the ordering degree to provide better electronic charge transfer in the bulk. Although the photoelectrochemical devices presented here do not present all the properties of inorganic-based devices, we discuss some strategies to enhance the photoelectrochemical properties and response time of conducting polymers used in these type of systems.     

新型PEC柱-钢梁端板连接组合框架层间抗震机理试验研究

良好的抗倒塌性能是维系结构在大震下的必要整体性、实现“大震不倒”抗震设防水准的关键所在。为研究新型卷边PEC柱-钢梁外伸端板连接组合框架结构的层间抗震机理,按1:2缩尺设计了1榀组合框架层间子结构模型试件并进行水平低周往复荷载试验。基于试验现象和测试数据,分析了试件结构的破坏过程与破坏模式、滞回特性、刚度退化、耗能能力、变形模式等抗震性能。研究结果表明：试件结构最终破坏模式为端板附近梁截面充分屈服形成塑性铰的理想塑性破坏机构;试件整体与层间位移延性系数μu=3.74和最大等效黏滞阻尼系(ζeq)max=0.325,具有良好抗震延性和耗能能力;试件结构整体性好、水平抗侧刚度沿高度分布均匀,水平位移分布规律表现为理想的倒三角弯剪型变形模式;试件结构整体与层间侧移和节点转角均超过大震层间侧移限值1/30,即试件结构具有良好的抗倒塌能力。     

Hydrogen energy in changing environmental scenario: Indian context

This paper deals with how the Hydrogen Energy may play a crucial role in taking care of the environmental scenario/climate change. The R&D efforts, at the Hydrogen Energy Center, Banaras Hindu University have been described and discussed to elucidate that hydrogen is the best option for taking care of the environmental/climate changes. All three important ingredients for hydrogen economy, i.e., production, storage and application of hydrogen have been dealt with. As regards hydrogen production, solar routes consisting of photoelectrochemical electrolysis of water have been described and discussed. Nanostructured TiO₂ films used as photoanodes have been synthesized through hydrolysis of Ti[OCH(CH₃)₂]₄. Modular designs of TiO₂ photoelectrode-based PEC cells have been fabricated to get high hydrogen production rate (10.35 lh⁻¹ m⁻²). However, hydrogen storage is a key issue in the success and realization of hydrogen technology and economy. Metal hydrides are the promising candidates due to their safety advantage with high volume efficient storage capacity for on-board applications. As regards storage, we have discussed the storage of hydrogen in intermetallics as well as lightweight complex hydride systems. For intermetallic systems, we have dealt with material tailoring of LaNi₅ through Fe substitution. The La(Ni_l − xFe_x)₅ (x = 0.16) has been found to yield a high storage capacity of 2.40 wt%. We have also discussed how CNT admixing helps to improve the hydrogen desorption rate of NaAlH₄. CNT (8 mol%) admixed NaAlH₄ is found to be optimum for faster desorption (3.3 wt% H₂ within 2 h). From an applications point of view, we have focused on the use of hydrogen (stored in intermetallic La–Ni–Fe system) as fuel for Internal Combustion (IC) engine-based vehicular transport, particularly two and three-wheelers. It is shown that hydrogen used as a fuel is the most effective alternative fuel for circumventing climate change.     

矩形脉冲涡流传感器的三维磁场量与缺陷定量评估

脉冲涡流是一种有效的电磁无损检测技术。基于脉冲涡流检测原理设计了脉冲涡流检测系统,并对矩形脉冲涡流传感器的三维磁场量进行了研究。分别在传感器的不同走向下,使用三维检测传感器获得了三维磁场量的Bx、By与Bz曲线。在传感器的不同走向下,提出使用三维蝶形图对缺陷进行检测识别。对三维信号进行特征分析后,分别在不同走向下,通过Bz曲线评估缺陷的深度。通过By与Bz曲线的特征可以测量缺陷的长度。为进一步实现飞机机身缺陷的成像检测提供了有价值的参考。     

交替隐式时域方法精确实现理想导体边界

为了准确求解交替方向隐式时域有限差分(Alternating Direction Implicit Fi-nite-Difference Time-Domain,ADI-FDTD)方法实现理想电导体边界和理想磁导体边界的待求场分量系数,通过在获得该系数前应用理想导体边界条件,推导出了相应的修正系数.计算了单个金属立方体和对称的两个金属立方体的双站雷达散射截面.结果表明:理想导体边界作为理想导体表面,采用修正系数的计算结果与时域有限差分(Finite-Differ-ence Time-Domain,FDTD)方法计算结果更为吻合;理想导体边界作为截断计算空间对称面,采用修正系数的计算结果与ADI-FDTD方法计算结果相同,与理论推导结论一致.     

薄钢板PEC柱-钢梁端板对拉螺栓连接滞回性能试验研究

薄钢板组合截面PEC柱-钢梁连接中节点,采取工字梁端截面削弱、端板与预拉对穿高强螺栓的连接方式,考虑组合柱布置与梁削弱截面位置变化作为设计参数,对3个PEC柱-削弱梁、短端板对穿螺栓连接中节点1∶0.625缩尺模型进行低周反复荷载下的滞回性能试验。观察各个试件试验中的破坏过程,通过实测数据分析,得到了该类框架连接节点的滞回性能、强度与转动刚度退化、延性与耗能能力和破坏模式。结果表明：由于预拉对穿螺栓的设置,所有试件均表现出不同程度的自复位效果和良好的转动与耗能能力;节点的破坏模式为钢梁削弱截面或连接部位附近截面屈服。研究进一步丰富了PEC柱-钢梁连接的研究成果,为PEC柱-钢梁组合结构设计规范的制订和工程应用提供了理论依据。     

脉冲涡流热成像图像的BEMD提升小波阈值去噪

在脉冲涡流热成像检测中,有效抑制红外热图的噪声是最终提取特征量识别缺陷的关键环节之一.将提升小波阈值去噪的思想运用到二维经验模态分解(BEMD)中,提出了一种基于BEMD的提升小波阈值去噪方法.针对传统软、硬阈值法的局限性,引入包括带有可变因子的隶属函数的模糊阈值处理方法.将该方法运用于脉冲涡流热成像信号的实际消噪处理,实验结果表明,该方法与小波阈值去噪相比,去噪效果更明显,图像的细节特征更清晰.     

约束PEC柱轴力变化规律及影响因素

为考察火灾下相邻构件约束对PEC柱轴力的影响,应用有限元软件ABAQUS建立了标准升温条件下约束PEC柱的数值分析模型,并用试验数据验证该模型.应用模型分析火灾荷载比、轴向/转动约束刚度比、长细比、偏心率对约束PEC柱轴力变化系数的影响规律.分析表明:约束导致柱轴力出现不同程度的增长;轴向约束刚度比、偏心率越大,轴力变化系数的峰值越大;荷载比越大,轴力变化系数的峰值越小;长细比、转动约束刚度比对轴力变化系数影响较小.     

Tunable Spectrum Selectivity for Multiphoton Absorption with Enhanced Visible Light Trapping in ZnO Nanorods

Observation of visible light trapping in zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) correlated to the optical and photoelectrochemical properties is reported. In this study, ZnO NR diameter and c‐axis length respond primarily at two different regions, UV and visible light, respectively. ZnO NR diameter exhibits UV absorption where large ZnO NR diameter area increases light absorption ability leading to high efficient electron–hole pair separation. On the other hand, ZnO NR c‐axis length has a dominant effect in visible light resulting from a multiphoton absorption mechanism due to light reflection and trapping behavior in the free space between adjacent ZnO NRs. Furthermore, oxygen vacancies and defects in ZnO NRs are associated with the broad visible emission band of different energy levels also highlighting the possibility of the multiphoton absorption mechanism. It is demonstrated that the minimum average of ZnO NR c‐axis length must satisfy the linear regression model of Z _p,min = 6.31d to initiate the multiphoton absorption mechanism under visible light. This work indicates the broadening of absorption spectrum from UV to visible light region by incorporating a controllable diameter and c‐axis length on vertically aligned ZnO NRs, which is important in optimizing the design and functionality of electronic devices based on light absorption mechanism.