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Hyun Kyu Suh 《Fuel》2008,87(6):925-932
This paper investigates the effect of injection parameters on the characteristics of dimethyl ether (DME) as an alternative fuel in a diesel engine with experimental and analytical models based on empirical equations. In order to study macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of DME fuel, this work focuses on the atomization characteristics of DME and compares experimental and predicted results for spray development obtained by empirical models for diesel and DME fuel. Detailed comparisons of spray tip penetration from three different empirical correlations and from visualization experiments of diesel and DME fuels were conducted under various fuel injection conditions. In comparison with the results of different empirical equations for measured spray tip penetration, the experimental results of this study provide good agreement with the calculation results based on empirical equations, except during the earliest stage of the injected spray sequence. The results of atomization characteristics indicate that DME showed better spray characteristics than conventional diesel fuel. Also, the fuel injection delay and maximum injection rate of DME fuel are shorter and lower than those of diesel fuel at the same injection conditions, respectively. 相似文献
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Nirvana Delgado Otalvaro Pembe Gül Bilir Karla Herrera Delgado Stephan Pitter Jörg Sauer 《化学,工程师,技术》2021,93(5):754-761
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are designed and implemented to model the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether (DME) from syngas over a commercial catalyst system. The predictive power of the ANNs is assessed by comparison with the predictions of a lumped model parameterized to fit the same data used for ANN training. The ANN training converges much faster than the parameter estimation of the lumped model, and the predictions show a higher degree of accuracy under all conditions. Furthermore, the simulations show that the ANN predictions are also accurate even at some conditions beyond the validity range. 相似文献
5.
In general, peptides do not exhibit a well-defined conformational profile in solution. However, despite the experimental blurred picture associated with their structure, compelling spectroscopic evidence shows that peptides exhibit local order. The conformational profile of a peptide is the result of a balance between intramolecular interactions between different atoms of the molecule and intermolecular interactions between atoms of the molecule and the solvent. Accordingly, the conformational profile of a peptide will change upon the properties of the solvent it is soaked. To get insight into the balance between intra- and intermolecular interactions on the conformational preferences of the peptide backbone we have studied the conformational profile of the alanine dipeptide in diverse solvents using molecular dynamics as sampling technique. Solvents studied include chloroform, methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, water and N-methylacetamide. Different treatments of the solvent have been studied in the present work including explicit solvent molecules, a generalized Born model and using the bulk dielectric constant of the solvent. The diverse calculations identify four major conformations with different populations in the diverse solvents: the C7eq only sampled in chloroform; the C5 or extended conformation; the polyproline (PII) conformation and the right-handed α-helix conformation (αR). The results of present calculations permit to analyze how the balance between intra- and intermolecular interactions explains the populations of the diverse conformations observed. 相似文献
6.
21世纪的"绿色燃料"--二甲醚 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
被称为 2 1世纪“绿色燃料”的二甲醚具有清洁、低毒性、低蒸气压和优良的燃烧性能 ,因而成为多种产品的替代品 ,如环境友好的民用燃料、柴油和制冷剂 ,而且具有较好的市场潜力。本文主要介绍了二甲醚的生产方法、用途和国内外的发展状况 相似文献
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Yan Liu Shigenori Mitsushima Ken-ichiro Ota Nobuyuki Kamiya 《Electrochimica acta》2006,51(28):6503-6509
The electro-oxidation of dimethyl ether (DME) on PtMe/Cs (Me = Ru, Sn, Mo, Cr, Ni, Co, and W) and Pt/C electro-catalysts were investigated in an aqueous half-cell, and compared to the methanol oxidation. The addition of a second metal enhanced the tolerance of Pt to the poisonous species during the DME oxidation reaction (DOR). The PtRu/C electro-catalyst showed the best electro-catalytic activity and the highest tolerance to the poisonous species in the low over-potential range (<0.55 V, 50 °C) among the binary electro-catalysts and the Pt/C, but at the higher potential (>ca. 0.55 V, 50 °C), the Pt/C behaved better than PtRu/C. The apparent activation energy for the DOR decreased in the order: PtRu/C (57 kJ mol−1) > Pt3Sn/C (48 kJ mol−1) ≈ Pt/C (46 kJ mol−1). On the other hand, the activation energy for the MOR showed a different turn, decreased in the following order: Pt/C (43 kJ mol−1) > Pt3Sn/C (35 kJ mol−1) ≈ PtRu/C (34 kJ mol−1). The temperature dependence of the DOR was greater than that of the oxidation of methanol (MOR) on the PtRu/C. 相似文献
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通过建立二甲醚作为燃料应用的生命周期方法框架,对LCA方法进行了一股性阐述,定性给出研究二甲醚的环境的影响评价的方法论,建立研究模型。 相似文献
10.
The phospholipid fatty acid composition of the Caribbean sponge Erylus goffrilleri is described for the first time. A total of 70 fatty acids with chain lengths between 13 and 29 carbons were identified in
the sponge. Methyl-branched fatty acids predominated in E. goffrilleri suggesting the presence of a considerable number of bacterial symbionts. The novel fatty acids (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-hexadecadienoic acid, (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-octadecadienoic acid, (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-nonadecadienoic acid, and (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-5,9-eicosadienoic acid are described for the first time in the literature. In addition, the iso-methyl-branched fatty acids (9Z)-2-methoxy-15-methyl-9-hexadecenoic acid and (5Z,9Z)-2-methoxy-15-methyl-5,9-hexadecadienoic acid, also identified in E. goffrilleri, were identified for the first time in nature. Based on the identified metabolites it is proposed that the unprecedented
biosynthetic sequence: i-17:1Δ9 → 2-OMe-i-17:1Δ9 → 2-OMe-i-17:2Δ5,9 might be responsible for the biosynthesis of the novel iso-α-methoxylated fatty acids in E. goffrilleri. 相似文献