Three New Lanostane Triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus

Three new lanostane‐type triterpenoids, inonotsulides A, B, and C ( 1 – 3 , resp.) were isolated from the sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus (Pers .: Fr.) (Japanese name: Kabanoanatake; Russian name: Chaga). Their structures were determined to be (20R,24S)‐3β,25‐dihydroxylanost‐8‐en‐20,24‐olide ( 1 ), (20R,24R)‐3β,25‐dihydroxylanost‐8‐en‐20,24‐olide ( 2 ), and (20R,24S)‐3β,25‐dihydroxylanosta‐7,9(11)‐dien‐20,24‐olide ( 3 ) on the basis of chemical transformation, NMR spectroscopy including 1D and 2D (¹H,¹H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC), EI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.     

Electromyography Activity of Vastus Medialis Obliquus and Vastus Lateralis Muscles During Lower Limb Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Patterns in Individuals with and without Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Objective: Exercise therapy to strengthen quadriceps muscle is recommended in rehabilitation program for people with patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). This study aimed to investigate the electromyography (EMG) activity of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO), vastus lateralis (VL) and VMO/VL ratio during PNF in individuals with and without PFPS. Methods: 26 persons with PFPS and 26 healthy subjects participated to study. All subjects performed PNF patterns (Flexion-Adduction-External Rotation (D₁FL), Extension-Adduction-External Rotation (D₂EX), D₁FL+ load, D₂EX+ load) and straight leg raise (SLR). The normalized EMG activity of VMO, VL and VMO/VL ratio were measured and analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Results: There were significant main effects of group and exercises for the both VMO and VL (p<0.05). It was found that except SLR and D₂EX, in the other motions PFPS group had lower VMO activity compared to healthy group (p<0.05). For VL except SLR, in the other motions PFPS group had lower VL activity too (p<0.05). The PNF patterns activated VMO more than SLR, however it was not significant (p>0.05). Also; there weren''t any significant difference between the two groups in VMO/VL activation ratios. Also, performing the PNF patterns with load increased VMO and VL muscles activity significantly (p<0.05). It also found that in PFPS group the VMO/VL ratio values in PNF patterns were significantly more than SLR and the highest VMO/VL ratio value (0.96) was found during D₂EX. Conclusion: The PNF patterns due to provide optimal VMO/VL ratio value than SLR and proper balance between these two muscles can be recommended in rehabilitation of individuals with PFPS.     

叶绿素荧光技术对受Cu~(2+)胁迫藻类暗适应时间的研究

利用叶绿素荧光技术,对受相同浓度Cu2+胁迫的蛋白核小球藻、斜生栅藻、铜绿微囊藻的最佳暗适应时间进行研究.通过对三种供试藻在光照和暗适应时间分别为30s、1min、3min、5min、10min和20min条件下的光合荧光参量进行测定,以光化学淬灭参量值为主要参考依据,结合t检验方法对暗适应时间进行显著性差异分析,结果表明:暗适应条件下三种供试藻的潜在最大量子效率值略有增加,实际量子效率值基本保持不变;蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻的光化学淬灭参量值和非光化学淬灭参量值随暗适应时间的延长显著增加;铜绿微囊藻光化学淬灭参量值在光照1min时达到最大,无需进行暗适应,这可能与蓝藻在暗适应时发生状态转换有关;藻类不是暗适应时间越长越好,蛋白核小球藻和斜生栅藻的最佳暗适应时间分别为5min和10min.这将为采用叶绿素荧光技术进一步研究毒物对藻类的胁迫机理提供可靠依据.     

取代芳烃对某些生物急性毒性的拓扑学研究

提出了成键原子的生物活性值(ai),并建立其连接性指数(mA).其中的0A、1A与取代芳烃对斜生栅列藻、日本长腿蛙蝌蚪、绿藻等三种生物的急性毒性关连,相关系数(R)依次为0.9516、0.9564、0.9335,优于相应文献的研究成果.证明mA与取代芳烃生物活性的相关性优于著名的Kier指数(mXv).     

Total Triterpenoid Extraction from Inonotus Obliquus Using Ionic Liquids and Separation of Potential Lactate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors via Ultrafiltration High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography

Extracts of the fungus Inonotus obliquus exhibit cytotoxic properties against different cancers; hence, this fungal species has been extensively studied. This study aimed to extract total triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus using ionic liquids (ILs) and separate potential lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) inhibitors via ultrafiltration (UF)-high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Total triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus were extracted by performing a single-factor experiment and employing a central composite design via ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and heat-assisted extraction (HAE). The extract was composed of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as the IL and methanol as the dispersant. Ultrafiltration-liquid chromatography (UF-LC) was used to rapidly scan the LDH inhibitors and betulin and lanosterol were identified as potential inhibitors. To obtain these target compounds, betulin and lanosterol with the purities of 95.9% and 97.8% were isolated from HSCCC within 120 min. Their structures were identified using several techniques, among which IL-HAE was fast and effective. This study reports the extraction of triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus by IL for the first time. Collectively, the findings demonstrate that UF-LC is an effective tool for screening potential LDH inhibitors from crude extracts of I. obliquus and may help to identify bioactive substances against myocardial infarction, whereas high-purity compounds can be separated via UF-HSCCC.     

Adsorption of Dyes from Aqueous Textile By-Products on Activated Carbon from Scenedesmus obliquus

The adsorption of activated carbon prepared from Scenedesmus obliquus (algae) was evaluated through adsorption of Astrazon red. The adsorption efficiency of activated carbon was determined based on the specific surface area and pore size distribution. These results were compared with the results obtained with untreated algae. Approximately a 3-fold increase in the percentage of dye removal was observed for activated carbon compared to the untreated material. The primary reason for this observation may be the increase in specific surface area and total pore volume by chemical activation from 0.0136 to 423.7001?m²?g^?1 and from 0.0012 to 0.1643?cm³?g^?1, respectively. A pseudo-second-order model was fit with the kinetic data and the results indicate chemical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon was 181.82?mg?g^?1 at 25°C according to Langmuir isotherm model.     

Three New Lanostane Triterpenoids,Inonotsutriols A,B, and C,from Inonotus obliquus

Three new lanostane‐type triterpenoids, inonotsutriols A ( 1 ), B ( 2 ), and C ( 3 ) were isolated from the sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus (Pers .: Fr.) (Japanese name: kabanoanatake; Russian name: chaga). Their structures were determined to be (3β,21R,24S)‐21,24‐cyclolanost‐8‐ene‐3,21,25‐triol ( 1 ), (3β,21R,24R)‐21,24‐cyclolanost‐8‐ene‐3,21,25‐triol ( 2 ), and (3β,21R,24S)‐21,24‐cyclolanosta‐7,9(11)‐diene‐3,21,25‐triol ( 3 ) on the basis of NMR spectroscopy including 1D and 2D experiments (¹H,¹H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC) and EI‐MS.     

桦褐孔菌子实体和发酵菌丝体中甾类化合物的定量测定

建立了采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)定量测定桦褐孔菌子实体和发酵菌丝体中白桦脂醇、麦角甾醇、胆甾醇、羊毛甾醇、豆甾醇和谷甾醇含量的方法。色谱条件: 以C18柱进行分离,流动相为不同浓度梯度的水-甲醇(0~10 min,体积比为10:90;10~40 min,体积比为3:97),流速为1.4 mL/min,检测波长为202 nm,整个分析在40 min内完成。结果表明所建立的方法具有很好的重复性和回收率。甾类化合物分析测定的日内相对标准偏差为2.10～2.94%(n=5),在0.4～4.8 μg范围内有很好的线性关系。白桦脂醇、麦角甾醇、胆甾醇、羊毛甾醇、豆甾醇和谷甾醇的回收率分别为100.05%～100.72%,99.31%～101.04%,97.52%～101.63%,96.61%～100.08%,96.21%～100.76%和100.04%～100.51%。本方法可快速、准确地定量测定桦褐孔菌子实体和发酵菌丝体中的甾类化合物。     

Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Scenedesmus obliquus Microalgae in the Context of Integral Biorefinery Concept

Small-scale photobioreactors (PBRs) in the inoculum stage were designed with internal (red or green) and external white LED light as an initial step of a larger-scale installation aimed at fulfilling the integral biorefinery concept for maximum utilization of microalgal biomass in a multifunctional laboratory. The specific growth rate of Scenedesmus obliquus (Turpin) Kützing biomass for given cultural conditions was analyzed by using MAPLE software. For the determination of total polyphenols, flavonoids, chlorophyll “a” and “b”, carotenoids and lipids, UHPLC-HRMS, ISO-20776/1, ISO-10993-5 and CUPRAC tests were carried out. Under red light growing, a higher content of polyphenols was found, while the green light favoured the flavonoid accumulation in the biomass. Chlorophylls, carotenoids and lipids were in the same order of magnitude in both samples. The dichloromethane extracts obtained from the biomass of each PBR synergistically potentiated at low concentrations (0.01–0.05 mg/mL) the antibacterial activity of penicillin, fluoroquinolones or oregano essential oil against the selected food-borne pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium) without showing any in vitro cytotoxicity. Both extracts exhibited good cupric ion-reducing antioxidant capacity at concentrations above 0.042–0.08 mg/mL. The UHPLC-HRMS analysis revealed that both extracts contained long chain fatty acids and carotenoids thus explaining their antibacterial and antioxidant potential. The applied engineering approach showed a great potential to modify microalgae metabolism for the synthesis of target compounds by S. obliquus with capacity for the development of health-promoting nutraceuticals for poultry farming.