玄参、生地黄、紫草等六种中药中微量元素含量的测定

为了解中药中微量元素的含量与其药物的作用机制关系,用原子吸收分光光度计测定了玄参、生地黄、紫草、水牛角、牡丹皮、赤芍中铁(Fe)、镁(Mg)、铜(Cu)、钙(Ca)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)、钼(Mo)等7种微量元素的含量.结果表明,Ca的含量最高,Cu的含量几乎最低.这6种中草药含有多种对人体有益的微量元素,与它们的药...     

Enrichment of Zinc and Iron Micronutrients in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) through Biofortification

Biofortification of pulse crops with Zn and Fe is a viable approach to combat their widespread deficiencies in humans. Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) is a widely consumed edible crop possessing a high level of Zn and Fe micronutrients. Thus, the present study was conducted to examine the influence of foliar application of Zn and Fe on productivity, concentration, uptake and the economics of lentil cultivation (LL 931). For this, different treatment combinations of ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) and FeSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%), along with the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), were applied to the lentil. The results of study reported that the combined foliar application of ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) + FeSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) at pre-flowering (S1) and pod formation (S2) stages was most effective in enhancing grain and straw yield, Zn and Fe concentration, and uptake. However, the outcome of this treatment was statistically on par with the results obtained under the treatment ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) + FeSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) at S1 stage. A single spray of ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) + FeSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) at S1 stage enhanced the grain and straw yield up to 39.6% and 51.8%, respectively. Similarly, Zn and Fe concentrations showed enhancement in grain (10.9% and 20.4%, respectively) and straw (27.5% and 27.6% respectively) of the lentil. The increase in Zn and Fe uptake by grain was 54.8% and 68.0%, respectively, whereas uptake by straw was 93.6% and 93.7%, respectively. Also the benefit:cost was the highest (1.96) with application of ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) + FeSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) at S1 stage. Conclusively, the combined use of ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) + FeSO₄·7H₂O (0.5%) at S1 stage can contribute significantly towards yield, Zn and Fe concentration, as well as uptake and the economic returns of lentil to remediate the Zn and Fe deficiency.     

原子吸收光谱法测定内蒙古典型草原长期施用有机肥对土壤锰组分影响

采用改进的BCR连续提取,利用原子吸收光谱法测定了内蒙古草地施用羊粪试验11年后土壤中Mn组分。试验设置5个处理,分别施干羊粪0,50,250,750和1 500 g·m-2·yr-1。结果表明,以四步加和法与强酸直接消煮法测定的全Mn含量作为回收率,各处理回收率为91.4%～105.9%,加标回收率为97.2%～102.9%。长期大量施有机肥可提高0～5 cm土层植物可利用的交换态Mn含量47.89%,但还原态Mn和全Mn含量显著下降。施肥对0～5 cm土层Mn形态影响大于5～10 cm土层。研究结果对于土壤微量元素形态测定及草地养分管理具有一定的参考价值。     

Chemical Stability of the Fertilizer Chelates Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDDHSA over Time

In application conditions, the influence of environmental parameters on used fertilizer chelates and their distribution over time is important. For this purpose, the changes in the content of micronutrient ions and Fe-EDDHA and Fe-EDDHSA chelates in an aqueous medium at different pH values were studied. In the assumed time, changes in the ions content were analyzed using the voltammetry method at pH 3, 5 and 7. The content of isomers and chelate forms was analyzed by ion pair chromatography at pH 3, 5 and 7. These studies allowed us to determine the effect of pH on the stability of iron chelates over time.     

“常乐”稀土微肥对糯玉米冠层光合特性及产量的影响

在50,100,200,400,600,800 mg.kg-1浓度的"常乐"稀土微肥条件下,研究了其对糯玉米冠层叶的叶绿素含量、荧光参数及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,糯玉米授粉后棒三叶的叶绿素含量及荧光参数的增大幅度明显随常乐处理剂量的增大而呈规律性变化:即T1至T4处理不仅叶绿素含量呈现明显增大趋势,而当处理浓度为600 mg.L-1时叶绿素含量则表现下降,而且PSII的潜在活性(FV/F0)、光化学最大效率(FV/Fm)和量子效率(ΦPSII)亦表现出相似的规律;但PSII的光化学猝灭系数(qP)则随常乐处理浓度的增大,表现出先增后减的规律,优势明显并具有较高的光合速率,尤其是400 mg.kg-1光合功能强,籽粒产量最高达16320.0 kg.hm-2。另外,授粉后的生育期也对鲜食糯玉米冠层叶绿素荧光参数具有明显正效应,在授粉后16 d时,不同浓度"常乐"稀土微肥处理的鲜食糯玉米不同叶位叶光合速率最大。     

Zinc Biofortification in Food Crops Could Alleviate the Zinc Malnutrition in Human Health

Micronutrient malnutrition is a global health issue and needs immediate attention. Over two billion people across the globe suffer from micronutrient malnutrition. The widespread zinc (Zn) deficiency in soils, poor zinc intake by humans in their diet, low bioavailability, and health consequences has led the research community to think of an economic as well as sustainable strategy for the alleviation of zinc deficiency. Strategies like fortification and diet supplements, though effective, are not economical and most people in low-income countries cannot afford them, and they are the most vulnerable to Zn deficiency. In this regard, the biofortification of staple food crops with Zn has been considered a useful strategy. An agronomic biofortification approach that uses crop fertilization with Zn-based fertilizers at the appropriate time to ensure grain Zn enrichment has been found to be cost-effective, easy to practice, and efficient. Genetic biofortification, though time-consuming, is also highly effective. Moreover, a Zn-rich genotype once developed can also be used for many years without any recurring cost. Hence, both agronomic and genetic biofortification can be a very useful tool in alleviating Zn deficiency.     

天然螯合微肥增效作用及机理的研究

目前由人工合成的有机螯合微量元素肥料，因价格昂贵不能在农业生产中广泛应用。本研究采用丰富廉价的有机肥料，经转化提取的天然螯合剂与微量元素螯合研制的天然螯合微肥，在多种作物上施用，证明能促进作物对Ｎ、Ｐ、Ｋ和Ｆｅ、Ｍｎ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｕ等微量元素的吸收。明显提高作物的产量，改善品质，并不同程度地提高作物的抗病能力．     

厌食儿发锌、铁、铜、钙含量测定分析

测定了中山地区２２２例厌食儿及６５例健康儿发锌,铁、铜、钙含量。结果显示,厌食儿发锌含量明显低于健康儿,Ｐ〈０．０１;发钙偏低,０．０５〉Ｐ〉０．０１;发铁、发铜含量基本正常,两组无显著性差异。故提示厌食是缺锌的最伸症状之一。缺锌年龄以１－３岁为首,其次是３－６岁,同时两组间Ｃｕ／Ｚｎ比值进行比较,结果表明厌食组高于健康组,Ｐ〈０．０１,说明体内微量元素变化以锌明显,以Ｃｕ,Ｚｎ含量呈负相关。对于