Synthesis of Novel Pyrrolo[1′,5′‐a]‐1,8‐naphthyridine Derivatives through a Facile One‐Pot Process

Novel pyrrolo[1′,5′‐a]‐1,8‐naphthyridine compounds have been synthesized through a facile one‐pot process by the reaction of the corresponding 1,8‐naphthyridines with aliphatic anhydride. The structures were established by spectroscopic data. Further X‐ray crystal analysis of 4′‐acetyl‐7‐methyl‐pyrrolo[1′,5′‐a]‐1,8‐naphthyridine (1) identifies its intriguing molecular structure and reveals the strong π‐π stacking.     

Oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium and oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium salts in organic synthesis

The methods for the synthesis of oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium and oxazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium salts and their reactivities are reviewed. Both systems exhibit ambident properties in reactions with nucleophiles; depending on the substituents and the reagents, both the oxazole and azine rings can undergo opening and transformations. A number of new methodologies involving oxazolopyridinium and oxazolopyrimidinium salts for the design of functionalized oxazoles, imidazoles, fused pyrroles, and other heterocyclic systems are generalized. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 4, pp. 831–848, April, 2008.     

Synthesis of Novel Imines Containing Indolizine Moiety

Reaction of 2‐phenylindolizine‐3‐carbothialdehyde with amine derivatives provides a new, mild and efficient synthesis of a series of heterocyclic imines. The corresponding structures of products were established by IR, ¹H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. And the reaction mechanisms was also discussed.     

Heterocycles with a Bridging Nitrogen Atom. 17. Unexpected Formation of Indolizine during the Preparation of (2-Thioxopyridin-1-yl) Acetate

Ethyl 2-hydroxy-1-(2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)indolizin-3-carboxylate was formed along with ethyl (2-thioxopyridin-1(2H)-acetate from the reaction of 2-bromo-1-(ethoxycarbonylmethyl)pyridinium bromide with sodium sulfide. The structures of all compounds were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. __________ Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 8, 1250–1255, August, 2005.     

新型吲嗪三联吡啶的合成及其荧光性能

以醋酸钯为催化剂,三环己基膦为配体,碳酸铯为碱,甲苯为溶剂,4-溴-三联吡啶和2-甲酸甲酯-吲嗪经Heck偶联反应合成了一个新型的吲嗪三联吡啶(3),其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS表征。并研究了3的荧光性能。结果表明：溶剂极性增加,3的荧光强度降低,最大发射波长红移;Cu²⁺可完全淬灭3的荧光;3的Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Zn²⁺配合物对部分氨基酸有荧光响应。     

Molecular Design Principles for Near‐Infrared Absorbing and Emitting Indolizine Dyes

Desirable components for dye‐sensitzed solar cell (DSC) sensitizers and fluorescent imaging dyes include strong donating building blocks coupled with well‐balanced acceptor functionalities for absorption beyond the visible range. We have evaluated the effects of increasing acceptor strengths and incorporation of dye morphology controlling groups on molar absorptivity and absorption breadth with indolizine donor‐based dyes. Indolizine‐based D –A and D –π–A sensitizers incorporating bis‐rhodanine, tricyanofuran (TCF), and cyanoacrylic acid functionalities were analyzed for performance in DSC devices. The TCF derivatives were also evaluated as near‐infrared (NIR)‐emissive materials with the AH25 emissions extending past 1000 nm.     

Heterocycles with a bridgehead nitrogen atom. 16. Assembly of a <Emphasis Type="Italic">peri</Emphasis>-fused system from an angular tricycle by recyclization of an oxazole ring into pyrrole one

An unusual example of the recyclization of the tricyclic 6,7,8,9-tetrahydrooxazolo[3,2-a]quinolinium system into the 8,9-dihydro-7H-pyrrolo[3,2,1-ij]quinoline system was discovered. The reaction is a topological modification of the known conversion of oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridinium salts into indolizines. The structural feature of this transformation is a change of the annelation type in the tricycle from the angular one to peri-fusion of three rings.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 253–255, January, 2005.     

Color-Tunable Indolizine-Based Fluorophores and Fluorescent pH Sensor

A new fluorescent indolizine-based scaffold was developed using a straightforward synthetic scheme starting from a pyrrole ring. In this fluorescent system, an N,N-dimethylamino group in the aryl ring at the C-3 position of indolizine acted as an electron donor and played a crucial role in inducing a red shift in the emission wavelength based on the ICT process. Moreover, various electron-withdrawing groups, such as acetyl and aldehyde, were introduced at the C-7 position of indolizine, to tune and promote the red shift of the emission wavelength, resulting in a color range from blue to orange (462–580 nm). Furthermore, the ICT effect in indolizine fluorophores allowed the design and development of new fluorescent pH sensors of great potential in the field of fluorescence bioimaging and sensors.     

Experimental and Theoretical Study on the Inclusion Capability of a Fluorescent Indolizine β-Cyclodextrin Sensor Towards Volatile and Semi-volatile Organic Guest

Inclusion equilibria of a new fluorescent indolizine modified β-cyclodextrin were studied in aqueous solution to evaluate its use as a fluorescent chemo-sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The host compound shows a decrease of the fluorescence intensity by adding adamantanol, benzene, toluene, phenol and p-cresol as guest. The sensing parameter (ΔI/I ₀) was used to show the sensing ability of the host. The formation constant values measured using a spectral displacement method and a specific algorithm treatment are reported. Although the guest binding ability of the sensor is not enhanced by the existence of the hydrophobic cap, this new cyclodextrin sensor shows a very strong sensing ability. The experimental values of the constants were in good agreement with the computed complexation energies, ΔE, from molecular mechanics modelling of the inclusion process.     

Pyrrolizine/Indolizine-NSAID Hybrids: Design,Synthesis, Biological Evaluation,and Molecular Docking Studies

In the current study, eight new hybrids of the NSAIDs, ibuprofen and ketoprofen with five pyrrolizine/indolizine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The chemical structures of these hybrids were confirmed by spectral and elemental analyses. The antiproliferative activities of these hybrids (5 μM) was investigated against MCF-7, A549, and HT-29 cancer cell lines using the cell viability assay, MTT assay. The results revealed 4–71% inhibition of the growth of the three cancer cell lines, where 8a,e,f were the most active. In addition, an investigation of the antiproliferative activity of 8a,e,f against MCF-7 cells revealed IC₅₀ values of 7.61, 1.07, and 3.16 μM, respectively. Cell cycle analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with the three hybrids at 5 μM revealed a pro-apoptotic increase in cells at preG1 and cell cycle arrest at the G1 and S phases. In addition, the three hybrids induced early apoptotic events in MCF-7 cells. The results of the molecular docking of the three hybrids into COX-1/2 revealed higher binding free energies than their parent compounds 5a,c and the co-crystallized ligands, ibuprofen and SC-558. The results also indicated higher binding free energies toward COX-2 over COX-1. Moreover, analysis of the binding modes of 8a,e,f into COX-2 revealed partial superposition with the co-crystallized ligand, SC-558 with the formation of essential hydrogen bonds, electrostatic, or hydrophobic interactions with the key amino acid His90 and Arg513. The new hybrids also showed drug-likeness scores in the range of 1.06–2.03 compared to ibuprofen (0.65) and ketoprofen (0.57). These results above indicated that compounds 8a,e,f deserve additional investigation as potential anticancer candidates.