Retrieving definitional content for ontology development

Ontology construction requires an understanding of the meaning and usage of its encoded concepts. While definitions found in dictionaries or glossaries may be adequate for many concepts, the actual usage in expert writing could be a better source of information for many others. The goal of this paper is to describe an automated procedure for finding definitional content in expert writing. The approach uses machine learning on phrasal features to learn when sentences in a book contain definitional content, as determined by their similarity to glossary definitions provided in the same book. The end result is not a concise definition of a given concept, but for each sentence, a predicted probability that it contains information relevant to a definition. The approach is evaluated automatically for terms with explicit definitions, and manually for terms with no available definition.     

物理化学课程“热化学”主题学习历程研究——化学师范生知识建构的文本分析

为深入了解地方性师范院校化学师范生知识建构习惯和水平，探讨他们在大学专业基础课程中的学习历程，以物理化学课程中以“融合科学读写特色”的“热化学”学案作为研究载体，研究对象在学案引导下开展自学活动，并在阅读教材和文献基础上进行科学写作。采用量表工具针对大学生自学效果和反思活动进行评价，并采用SOLO分类评价科学写作作品，采用KWL工具评价学生的科学阅读收获。结果发现研究对象学习动机不强，不擅长在新的学科知识学习中联系已有专业课程知识，基于文本学习的建构活动水平极低，可能是因为他们在应试背景下的基础知识并未形成体系，先修课程中并未培养元认知学习策略。     

Dielectric Properties Investigation of Metal–Insulator–Metal (MIM) Capacitors

This study presents the construction and dielectric properties investigation of atomic-layer-deposition Al₂O₃/TiO₂/HfO₂ dielectric-film-based metal–insulator–metal (MIM) capacitors. The influence of the dielectric layer material and thickness on the performance of MIM capacitors are also systematically investigated. The morphology and surface roughness of dielectric films for different materials and thicknesses are analyzed via atomic force microscopy (AFM). Among them, the 25 nm Al₂O₃-based dielectric capacitor exhibits superior comprehensive electrical performance, including a high capacitance density of 7.89 fF·µm⁻², desirable breakdown voltage and leakage current of about 12 V and 1.4 × 10⁻¹⁰ A·cm⁻², and quadratic voltage coefficient of 303.6 ppm·V⁻². Simultaneously, the fabricated capacitor indicates desirable stability in terms of frequency and bias voltage (at 1 MHz), with the corresponding slight capacitance density variation of about 0.52 fF·µm⁻² and 0.25 fF·µm⁻². Furthermore, the mechanism of the variation in capacitance density and leakage current might be attributed to the Poole–Frenkel emission and charge-trapping effect of the high-k materials. All these results indicate potential applications in integrated passive devices.     

离焦激光直写的线宽稳定方法

为了提高激光直写加工衍射光学元件时的线条质量,提出一种离焦激光直写的线宽稳定方法.该方法通过同时调节激光功率和离焦量,使光刻胶的曝光阈值处于线宽对曝光量的变化率较小位置,从而可以弱化线宽对实际曝光量或光刻胶阈值等变化的敏感度,提高利用离焦方法进行衍射光学元件制作时的线宽稳定性.推导了稳定线宽后的光功率控制模型和线宽模型,模型中的变量仅为离焦量,降低了光功率控制的复杂性.利用632.8 nm的He-Ne激光和NA-0.1的物镜在CCD上对采用该方法后的离焦线宽模型进行验证,实验结果与理论模型吻合较好.该方法对于线宽稳定度较高的衍射光学元件制作具有重要价值.     

MODs vs. NPs: Vying for the Future of Printed Electronics

This Minireview compares two distinct ink types, namely metal-organic decomposition (MOD) and nanoparticle (NP) formulations, for use in the printing of some of the most conductive elements: silver, copper and aluminium. Printing of highly conductive features has found purpose across a broad array of electronics and as processing times and temperatures reduce, the avenues of application expand to low-cost flexible substrates, materials for wearable devices and beyond. Printing techniques such as screen, aerosol jet and inkjet printing are scalable, solution-based processes that historically have employed NP formulations to achieve low resistivity coatings printed at high resolution. Since the turn of the century, the rise in MOD inks has vastly extended the range of potentially applicable compounds that can be printed, whilst simultaneously addressing shelf life and sintering issues. A brief introduction to the field and requirements of an ink will be presented followed by a detailed discussion of a wide array of synthetic routes to both MOD and NP inks. Unindustrialized materials will be discussed, with the challenges and outlook considered for the market leaders: silver and copper, in comparison with the emerging field of aluminium inks.     

玻璃基集成光量子芯片：从二维到三维

玻璃基集成光量子芯片已经应用于量子计算、量子模拟、量子通信、量子精密测量等光量子信息处理领域,显示出强大的功能。文章从量子计算和量子模拟两个方面介绍利用飞秒激光三维高精度直写技术在玻璃中制备集成光量子芯片的重要进展。量子计算芯片包括面向通用量子计算的单比特到多比特光量子逻辑门以及用于解决特定问题的芯片,可实现玻色采样、量子快速傅里叶变换、量子快速到达等功能。在量子模拟方面,玻璃基光量子芯片成为研究关联粒子量子行走动力学和拓扑量子光子学的极佳平台,揭示了一维、二维和合成维度的离散以及连续时间量子行走的演化规律,展示了光子拓扑绝缘体的鲁棒性拓扑模式对量子态传输的保护作用等。     

顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用法同时测定紫外光固化胶印油墨中27种溶剂残留

建立了同时测定紫外光固化（UV）胶印油墨中27种溶剂残留（挥发性有机化合物,VOCs）的顶空-气相色谱-质谱联用（HS-GC-MS）法。将UV胶印油墨样品模拟印刷制成一定面积、厚度的试样,在紫外灯下烘烤1 min,经80℃、45 min静态顶空后,通过VOC专用毛细管柱分离和质谱检测,外标法定量。27种VOCs均呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数（R²）均≥0.9950;方法的检出限（LODs,S/N=3）为0.001~0.310 mg/m²,定量限（LOQs,S/N=10）为0.003~0.920 mg/m²;样品的平均加标回收率为80%~108%,相对标准偏差（RSD）<6%（n=6）。该方法制样便捷,灵敏度高,精密度好,准确度高,将其应用于实际UV胶印油墨样品的检测,取得了良好效果。     

“双一流”高校学生国际期刊论文写作需求分析*——对化学专业的调查

以某“双一流”高校化学专业学生为研究对象,通过问卷调查和访谈,调查他们在国际学术期刊论文写作方面的需求。研究发现学生需求程度较高的是团队教学,青睐英语写作教师与化学专业教师有配合的教学,并希望对写作及时反馈,同时需要编辑、图书馆员等协助提高学术素养。值得注意的是,学生对个性化、一对一辅导的需求程度最高。该研究结果对高校,尤其是“双一流”高校国际期刊英语论文写作课程的设置和教学具有参考价值。     

课例论文中存在的问题及提升质量的写作框架和内容要求

针对一线教师的课例研究成果难以分享和传播的困境,分析了当前课例论文写作中存在的问题:缺乏教学目标、重教学设计而轻教学实践、教学反思不足、文献查阅不够、教学理论与教学实践脱节等。提出了提升课例论文质量的写作框架和内容要求,其容易被一线教师接受,注重继承性和发展性,强调教学实践数据的呈现,强调可复制性和可操作性。     

Analysis of the Chemical Composition of Red Pigments and Inks for the Characterization and Differentiation of Contemporary Prints

Prints are one of the most popular artistic forms. They consist of an original matrix that is printed on a paper support. The stamps are part of a series, and each series is composed of a particular number of prints. Many contemporary prints are made using oil inks and synthetic pigments (reds and yellows). Inks are mainly composed of pigments (organic or inorganic) and a binding medium. The analysis of inks has the potential to facilitate and complement the identification of stamps of different origins.

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) are techniques that are typically available in museums and centers related to the study of works of art. Both can be classified as micro-destructive and provide complementary information about the organic and some inorganic compounds (FTIR), and the elemental composition (SEM-EDX). In this article, the two techniques were used to analyze the composition of red ink in prints. As a result of these analyses, it was possible to distinguish among nearly all of the pigments and inks, indicating that the composition of the red ink can be reliably used to differentiate between stamps of different origins in a series of prints.