Estimation of growth rate in unidirectionally solidified multicrystalline silicon by the growth-induced striation method

Multicrystalline silicon was grown by unidirectional solidification method using the accelerated crucible rotation technique. The application of the accelerated crucible rotation technique in unidirectional solidification method induced growth striations across the axial direction of the grown crystal. This striation pattern was observed from carbon concentration distribution, obtained by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The generated striation pattern was found to be weak and discontinuous. Some striations were absent, probably due to back melting, caused during each crucible rotation. From the growth striations and applied time period in crucible rotation, the growth rate was estimated by using Fourier transformation analysis.     

头孢西丁钠有关物质的测定

用苯基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂的色谱柱,流动相A为水（用甲酸调节pH2.7）,流动相B为乙腈;线性梯度洗脱,高效液相色谱法测定头孢西丁钠中的有关物质。本法专属性良好。     

Development of a CZE method for the determination of mizolastine and its impurities in pharmaceutical preparations using response surface methodology

A fast and selective CZE method for the determination of mizolastine and related impurities is described. Response surface methodology was applied to study the influence of phosphate/triethanolamine (TEA) buffer concentration, heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-CD (TMbetaCD) concentration, voltage and temperature. The optimum conditions were: 105 mM phosphate/TEA buffer (pH 3.0) containing 10 mM TMbetaCD, temperature 19 degrees C and voltage 30 kV. Validation of the method was performed in drug substance and drug product. Robustness was evaluated using a Plackett-Burman design, including pH among the considered factors. Applying the optimal conditions, the nine peaks were baseline separated in about 10 min. The method was applied to the quality control of mizolastine in controlled-release tablets.     

Comparison of Full Factorial Design,Central Composite Design,and Box-Behnken Design in Chromatographic Method Development for the Determination of Fluconazole and Its Impurities

This paper presents the development and optimization of a liquid chromatographic method for the determination of fluconazole and its impurities by experimental design methodology. Four experimental design types were applied: two-level full factorial design, central composite design, Box-Behnken design, and three-level full factorial design. The advantages and drawbacks of each design are described and detailed statistical evaluation of mathematical models was performed. The central composite design and three-level full factorial design created significantly better models comparing to the other methods. As the central composite design requires a smaller number of experiments, its models were used for theoretical examination of experimental space. Multiobjective optimization aiming to achieve maximal separation of all investigated substances and minimal analysis duration was performed by a grid point search. The defined optimal separation was achieved on a C₁₈ (125 mm × 4 mm, 5 µm particle size) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (5 mM ammonium formate) (15:85, v/v); a column temperature of 25°C; a flow rate of 1.2 mL min^?1; and a detection wavelength of 260 nm.     

Development and Validation of Rapid Resolution RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Determination of Atorvastatin and Related Compounds by Use of Chemometrics

Abstract

A Rapid Resolution Reversed Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RR RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of atorvastatin and seven related compounds specified as impurities. Experimental design was used during method optimization (full factorial 3² design) and robustness testing (central composite design). Chromatography was performed with mobile phase containing phosphate buffer pH 3.5 and a mixture of 10% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran in acetonitrile as organic modifier. A Zorbax Eclipse XDB C18 Rapid Resolution HT 4.6 mm × 50 mm, 1.8 µm particle size column was used. The developed method allowed determination of Atorvastatin Calcium (ATV Ca) purity and level of impurities in drug substances.     

In situ assessment of atorvastatin impurity using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI)

The analysis of impurities and degradation products in pharmaceutical preparations are usually performed by chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This approach demands extensive analysis time, mostly due to extraction and separation phases. These steps must be carried out in samples in order to adapt them to the requirements of the analytical method of choice. In the present contribution, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was employed to quantify an important degradation product in atorvastatin calcium 80 mg tablets: the atorvastatin lactone. Through the standard of the impurity, it was possible to perform quantitative analysis directly on the drug tablet, using a quick and novel approach, suitable for quality control processes in the pharmaceutical industry.     

一种面向PX装置成品杂质含量检测的拉曼光谱分析法

面向对二甲苯(PX)成品的在线分析问题,为克服色谱分析法的不足,本文提出了一种基于拉曼光谱的PX成品杂质含量分析方法。为了克服激光中心波长与功率波动带来的不良影响,提出了激光中心波长自动校正与PX特征峰归一化方法;同时,结合相关分析获取了主要杂质的特征波段,并采用偏最小二乘算法进行定量分析。针对11个未知样本,PLS模型对甲苯(MB)、乙苯(EB)、间二甲苯(MX)、邻二甲苯(OX)的标准预测误差分别为0.03%、0.11%、0.02%、0.03%。实验结果表明,拉曼光谱法能够快速、准确且无损地测定PX成品中主要杂质的含量,为在线拉曼分析系统的开发奠定了方法基础。     

Trace Impurities in Phosphor Grade CaWO4 - A D.C. Arc Spectrographic Method

Abstract

A simple d.c. are emission spectrographic method is described for the determination of 12 trace impurities in phosphor grade CaWO₄ in the range 5 to 250 ppm. A charge of 25 mgs containing sample mixed with graphite in the ratio 1:3 is excited in a 10 amp d.c. arc. Scandium is used as the internal standard. The precision of the method is ± 15%. Detailed discussion on the selection of the final parameters has been given with supporting data.     

Quality by design: A systematic and rapid liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry method for eprosartan mesylate and its related impurities using a superficially porous particle column

The present work describes the systematic development of a robust, precise, and rapid reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of eprosartan mesylate and its six impurities using quality‐by‐design principles. The method was developed in two phases, screening and optimization. During the screening phase, the most suitable stationary phase, organic modifier, and pH were identified. The optimization was performed for secondary influential parameters—column temperature, gradient time, and flow rate using eight experiments—to examine multifactorial effects of parameters on the critical resolution and generated design space representing the robust region. A verification experiment was performed within the working design space and the model was found to be accurate. This study also describes other operating features of the column packed with superficially porous particles that allow very fast separations at pressures available in most liquid chromatography instruments. Successful chromatographic separation was achieved in less than 7 min using a fused‐core C₁₈ (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 2.6 μm) column with linear gradient elution of 10 mM ammonium formate (pH 3.0) and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness in compliance with the International Conference on Harmonization Q2 (R1) guidelines. The impurities were identified by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.     

高纯La-Ni-Al合金成分及杂质元素的分析方法研究

叙述了镧－镍－铝（La-Ni-Al)合金分镍、铝及微量杂质元素锌、铁、锰、镁、硅、铜和钙的ICP－AES测定方法。样品以HNO3（1＋1）溶解,稀释后直接测定主量元素镍和铝;用基体匹配法补偿基体效应测定其他杂质元素。各元素回收率在95％－106％,相对标准偏差优于5％。