Proton Fraction in Neutron Star Matter and Three-Body Force Effects

The three-body force effects on the equation of state and its iso-spin dependence of asymmetric nuclear matter and on the proton fraction in neutron star matter have been investigated[1] within Brueckner Hartree-Fock (BHF) approach by using a microscopic three-body force. It is shown that, even in the presence of the three-body force, the empirical parabolic law of the energy per nucleon vs. isospin asymmetry β=(N-Z)/A is fulfilled in the whole asymmetry range 0 ≤β ≤1 and also up to high density. The three-body force provides a strong enhancement of symmetry energy at high density in agreement with relativistic approaches. Thecalculated proton fraction in β stable neutron star matter is given in Fig.l, where the thick solid line is the BHF prediction using AV18 TBF, while the dotted one is the BHF result using AVis. The thin solid line is the prediction of the Dirac-Brueckner approach taken from Ref.[2]. The results extracted according to the phenomenological paramete rizations of the symmetry energy suggested in Ref.[3] are also plotted. It is seen from     

引入惯性力解决变速运动中的“平衡”问题

通过引入惯性力的方式,以例举的形式,分析在非惯性参考系中如何处理变速运动物体的“平衡”问题,以及问题的解决方法。     

STABILITY OF EQUILIBRIA OF NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

We provide an analytical study on the stability of equilibria of rigid rodlike nematic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) governed by the Smoluchowski equation with the Maier-Saupe intermolecular potential. We simplify the expression of the free energy of an orientational distribution function of rodlike LCP molecules by properly selecting a coordinate system and then investigate its stability with respect to perturbations of orientational probability density. By computing the Hessian matrix explicitly, we are able to prove the hysteresis phenomenon of nematic LCPs: when the normalized polymer concentration b is below a critical value b*(6.7314863965), the only equilibrium state is isotropic and it is stable; when b*< b < 15/2, two anisotropic (prolate) equilibrium states occur together with a stable isotropic equilibrium state. Here the more aligned prolate state is stable whereas the less aligned prolate state is unstable. When b > 15/2, there are three equilibrium states: a stable prolate state, an unstable isotropic state and an unstable oblate state.     

Full relativistic calculations of the quadrupole and electric field gradients for C2, N2, and O2

In the present work we calculate the energies,quadrupole moments,and electric field gradients(EFGs) of molecules C2,N2,and O2 based on the DIRRCI method with basis aug-cc-pVTZ-DK.We prove that the quadratic force constant k2 is the product of charge and EFG at its equilibrium nuclear distance.The dipole charge distributions for these symmetrical molecules are all in equilibrium,however,the quadrupole charge distributions are far from equilibrium;among these,there is the most remarkable deviation from equilibrium for N2,for its many charges concentrate on two sides of the molecule,which is in agreement with the well-known characteristic of the nitrogen molecule.The relativistic effect is remarkable even for the same period.     

高层非局地热力平衡大气对红外临边辐射的影响分析

采用大气逐线辐射传递计算模型——前向参考辐射模型(RFM),计算了高层大气在局地热力平衡状态(LTE)与非局地热力平衡状态(non-LTE)条件下主要大气分子红外光谱带的临边辐射。以定义的相对偏差为指标,分析了白天与夜间情况下non-LTE大气对红外临边辐射的影响,确定了LTE条件的大气高度适用范围,并对白天与夜间的临边辐射进行比较。分析结果表明,高层大气在non-LTE与LTE条件下的红外临边辐射有显著偏差,白天太阳抽运作用会增加这两种条件下的偏差。在白天与夜间环境下,部分光谱带的辐射会有明显差异。除白天CO24.3μm光谱带外,其他光谱带在60km以下non-LTE与LTE不会有较明显偏离,其中CO215μm光谱带能达到80km左右。分析结果可为高层大气辐射计算模型提拱理论基础。     

Чаплыгин系统平衡状态的稳定性

考虑Чаплыгин系统平衡状态的稳定性，给出Чаплыгин系统的运动方程及其平衡状态的存在性条件，得到Чаплыгин系统平衡状态的一些稳定性判据，最后举例说明其应用。     

TIME ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF THE BIPOLAR NAVIER-STOKES-POISSON SYSTEM

The bipolar Navier-Stokes-Poisson system （BNSP） has been used to simulate the transport of charged particles （ions and electrons for instance） under the influence of electrostatic force governed by the self-consistent Poisson equation. The optimal L^2 time convergence rate for the global classical solution is obtained for a small initial perturbation of the constant equilibrium state. It is shown that due to the electric field, the difference of the charge densities tend to the equilibrium states at the optimal rate （1 ＋ t）^-3/4 in L^2-norm, while the individual momentum of the charged particles converges at the optimal rate （1 ＋ t）^-1/4 which is slower than the rate （1 ＋ t）^-3/4 for the compressible Navier-Stokes equations （NS）. In addition, a new phenomenon on the charge transport is observed regarding the interplay between the two carriers that almost counteracts the influence of the electric field so that the total density and momentum of the two carriers converges at a faster rate （1 ＋ t）^-3/4＋ε for any small constant ε 〉 0. The above estimates reveal the essential difference between the unipolar and the bipolar Navier-Stokes-Poisson systems.     

肥皂泡中的科学初探

 提起肥皂泡,每个人都会联想起自己的童年时光,一件孩童的玩物,当我们在欣赏它的独特形状和奇异色彩时,是否曾惊叹这样一个五彩缤纷的东西竟被我们那样容易地吹了出来。也许你不相信,一个肥皂泡所包含的内容,是远远超过一个只是吹吹玩的人的想象的。1889年底到1890年初,伦敦物理学会主席C.V.波易斯曾分3次为伦敦的青少年做过有关肥皂泡的演讲,而在其前后,更有许多科学家做过有关肥皂泡的研究:如科学巨匠达·芬奇,物理学家牛顿、胡克、托马斯·扬、瑞利、吉布斯和朗缪尔,数学家高斯、拉普拉斯和泊松等。小小的肥皂泡究竟有多少诱人的秘密,让这么多人去研究它?     

对一个课本习题解答的辨析

文[1]有如下问题： 如图1所示，一根绳子穿过两个定滑轮，且两端分别挂有3N，2N的重物，现在两个滑轮之间的绳上挂一个重量为mN的重物，恰好使得系统处于平衡状态，求正数m的取值范围．     

Roles of Coulomb Interaction on Isospin Fractionation in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

As we know that in fact, nuclei offer an interesting isospin situation, where symmetry potential, Coulomb interaction and isospin dependent in-medium nucleon-nucleon collisions are simultaneously present. But, in general, the isospin effects of Coulomb interaction is not studied separately in more detail, even though the studies for the isospin effect of the isospin dependent mean field in the heavy ion collisions include automatically the role of Coulomb term. However the Coulomb interaction is an important asymmetry term, which can bring important isospin effect into the observable in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions. The study for the role of Coulomb interaction on the isospin effects of observable in intermediate energy heavy ion collisions, is important for exploring isospin physics and setting up the equation of state for the isospin asymmetry nuclearmatter.