微波灰化重量法测定卷烟纸中灰分

卷烟纸灰分是卷烟纸质量控制的一项重要指标,产生卷烟纸灰分的主要成分是纸中添加了碳酸钙等无机填充物,这些填充物可起到改善卷烟纸的透气度、调节卷烟纸的燃烧速率、提高卷烟纸的白度和不透明度、改善卷烟纸的手感和外观质量以及节约纤维用量等作用[1]。     

CsxRb1—xYbI3体系相图结构及荧光光谱研究

用一步合成法对ＣｓｘＲｂ１－ｘＹｂＩ３体系进行了全组成范围内的合成，采用差热分析和Ｘ射线粉末相分析法制作了相图，用体系的荧光光谱进一步验证了相图的可靠性，该体系形成一个既包晶反应又有类低共熔反应的有限固溶体，包晶反应温度和类低共熔反应温度分别为６２７℃和３７１℃，相分析确定了ＲｂｙｂＩ３高温相及三类固溶体的结构，０≤ｘ≤０．５形成以ＲｂＹｂＩ３为基的ＮＨ４ＣｄＣｌ３型固溶体和以ＲｂＹｂＩ３高温相为     

Assessing mixing characteristics of particle-mixing and granulation devices

The mixing of particulates such as powders is an important process in many industries including pharmaceuticals, plastics, household products （such as detergents） and food processing. The quality of products depends on the degree of mixing of their constituent materials which in turn depends on both geometric design and operating conditions. Unfortunately, due to lack of understanding of the interaction between mixer geometry and the granular material, limited progress has been made in optimizing mixer design. The discrete element method （DEM） is a computational technique that allows particle systems to be simulated and mixing to be predicted. Simulation is an effective way of acquiring information on the performance of different mixers that is difficult and/or expensive to obtain using traditional experimental approaches. Here we demonstrate how DEM can be used to unravel flow dynamics and assess mixing in several different types of devices. These devices used for mixing and/or granulation of particulates, are classified broadly as gravity controlled, bladed and high shear. We also explore the role of particle shape in mixing performance and use DEM to test whether Froude number scaling is suitable for predicting scale performance of rotating mixers.     

掺有植物性填充物牛奶的近红外光谱判别分析

为探索近红外光谱技术在生鲜牛奶掺假检测中的应用, 寻找一种快速的检测方法,以分别掺有植物奶油、植物蛋白、淀粉的牛奶为材料,利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪对样品进行扫描并得到光谱数据, 应用Fisher线性判别分析和偏最小二乘法对试验数据进行了多元统计分析。分析结果表明,利用Fisher判别分析建立的掺假牛奶判别模型的正确判别率达到97.78％,对未知样进行检验,正确判别率达到94.44%;利用偏最小二乘法建立的各掺假物质掺入量的定量检测模型,各掺假牛奶的校正集决定系数(R2)均在99.0%以上,各掺假牛奶的验证集决定系数均在98.5%以上,模型的预测效果良好。上述2种方法说明了近红外光谱技术可以实现对掺有植物性填充物牛奶的快速定性、定量鉴别。     

“Eclipse”卷烟的热重/差热分析

为了对新型卷烟产品进行剖析,利用热重/差热分析研究了空气氛围下典型性碳加热卷烟"Eclipse"各组成成分的热行为,并计算了主要失重温度段的活化能。结合热失重数据和组成结构对其分解机理进行初步推断和验证。结果表明:1碳棒在356~560℃燃烧放热,失重65%,活化能为149.44 k J/mol,热重/差热分析显示含有碳酸钙成分,空气氛围下碳棒燃烧热解更完全;2200~380℃为卷烟纸主要的热解失重阶段,失重62%,主要是纤维素热解造成。其中碳酸钙含量为12%左右,金属箔为铝箔;3薄片1在191~364℃失重49%,可能是单糖、小分子物质以及纤维素热分解。薄片2在97~253℃失重51%,保润剂、水分和挥发性物质受热分解以及纤维素晶体单糖和其他一些小分子物质因热裂解。薄片1和薄片3结构和成分相似,都接近传统卷烟烟丝,薄片2含更多的单糖和水分。本研究为新型卷烟材料和热源的研发积累详实数据,为进一步研制烟叶原料加热非燃烧状态下化学成分释放和烟丝配比的实验装置和分析方法奠定基础。     

AUTOMATIC MESH GENERATION OF 3—D GEOMETRIC MODELS

In this paper the presentation of the ball-packing method is reviewed, and a scheme to generate mesh for complex 3-D geometric models is given, which consists of 4 steps: (1) create nodes in 3-D models by ball-packing method, (2) connect nodes to generate mesh by 3-D Delaunay triangulation, (3) retrieve the boundary of the model after Delaunay triangulation, (4) improve the mesh.     

润滑脂极压抗磨添加剂的发展现状

本文综述了润滑脂极压抗磨添加剂的发展现状及其最近的研究和开发动向,阐述了两种或两种以上极压抗磨添加剂的复合效应,并且提出了当前值得注意的几个重要的研究内容。     

轴向增强战斗部端部惰性填充物对端部破片飞散特性的影响

在当前破片战斗部动态毁伤场设计中,中心盲区效应被视为影响战斗部毁伤效率提高的关键因素。轴向增强战斗部作为消除战斗部动态中心盲区的重要手段,越来越受到相关研究人员的重视。本文中基于光滑粒子流体力学计算方法,建立了一系列轴向增强战斗部（端部分别含有惰性聚氨酯填充物、尼龙填充物和爆炸填充物）在爆炸载荷作用下的破碎和碎片散布过程的数值模型,并用于研究战斗部前端填充物特性对壳体动态响应的影响。数值模拟结果表明,填充物对战斗部前部破片的速度影响显著,但对破片飞散角度影响较弱。通过比较特定碎片的速度历史曲线,分析了惰性填料对碎片速度的影响机理。研究结果表明,聚氨酯泡沫填充物可以显著延缓爆炸冲击波对前破片的加速过程,并在一定程度上降低爆炸载荷,尼龙填充物可以在一定程度上降低前向破片和侧向破片的加速度,从而表明爆炸载荷被引导均匀分布在末端位置周围。结合战斗部自身的牵连速度,使用低密度和低质量填料代替头部装药具有相同的动态毁伤效果,可以提高轴向增强战斗部的能量利用效率。     

Simulations of Effect of High-Index Materials on Highly Birefringent Photonic Crystal Fibres

Novel highly birefringent photonic bandgap fibres （PBGFs） are obtained by filling of a high index material in the air holes of total internal reflection birefringent photonic crystal fibres. The effect of the filling high index material on the transmission characteristics has been theoretically investigated. The photonic bandgap has been achieved by using plane-wave method. Moreover, the phase and group modal birefringence have been studied by a full-vector finite-element method. Numerical results show that very high group and phase modal birefringence with magnitude of order of 10^-2 and 10^-3 has been respectively acquired, which is much higher than those of the non-filled fibres. Furthermore, strong coupling between surface modes and the fundamental modes has been found in the bandgap of the birefringent PBGFs, whose effect on the birefringence and confinement loss has also been discussed.