Ionospheric behavior of the F2 peak parameters foF2 and hmF2 at Hainan and comparisons with IRI model predictions

Monthly median values of foF2, hmF2 and M(3000)F2 parameters, with hourly time interval resolution for the diurnal variation, obtained with DPS-4 digisonde observations at Hainan (19.4°N, 109.0°E) are used to study the low latitude ionospheric variation behavior. The observational results are compared with the International Reference Ionospheric Model (IRI) predictions. The time period coverage of the data used for the present study is from March 2002 to February 2005. Our present study showed that: (1) In general, IRI predictions using CCIR and URSI coefficients follow well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the experimental values of foF2. However, CCIR foF2 and URSI foF2 IRI predictions systematically underestimate the observed results during most time period of the day, with the percentage difference ΔfoF2 (%) values changing between about −5% and −25%, whereas for a few hours around pre-sunrise, the IRI predictions generally overestimate the observational ones with ΔfoF2 (%) sometimes reaching as large as ∼30%. The agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is better for the year 2002 than for the other years. The best agreement between the IRI results and the observational ones is obtained in summer when using URSI coefficients, with the seasonal average values of ΔfoF2 (%) being within the limits of ±10%. (2) In general, the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(3000)F2 option shows a poor agreement with the observational results. However, when using the measured M(3000)F2 as input, the diurnal variation pattern of hmF2 given by IRI2001 has a much better agreement with the observational one with the detailed fine structures including the pre-sunrise and post-sunset peaks reproduced reasonably well. The agreement between the IRI predicted hmF2 values using CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is worst for the afternoon to post-midnight hours for the high solar activity year 2002. During daytime hours the agreement between the hmF2 values obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option and the observational ones is best for summer season. The discrepancy between the observational hmF2 and that obtained with CCIR M(30,000)F2 option stem from the CCIR M(3000)F2 model, which does not produce the small scale structures observed in the measured M(3000)F2.     

悬筐式蒸发器的结构设计

本文从设计角度对悬筐式蒸发器的结构进行了介绍和总结,并提出了一些结构的改进意见。     

尺寸参数对气动液阀启动特性的影响

为气动液阀的启动过程建立了数学模型，分析了尺寸参数对该阀启动特性的影响。计算结果表明：在保证必要的工作寿命的前提下，适当地增大控制腔气孔的直径或增大靠近控制腔的活塞端面直径有利于提高该阀的响应能力。本文所得的结论有利于此类阀门的设计。     

混杂纤维缠绕壳体设计

应用网格理论，得到了固体火箭发动机混杂纤维缠绕壳体在内压作用下的平衡方程。给出了混杂纤维缠绕圆筒壁厚的计算公式。讨论了用模拟实验压力容器确定纤维发挥强度的问题。算例表明，文中给出的设计计算方法，可用于混杂纤维缠绕壳体的初步设计。     

The fundamental parameters of the central stars of eight WR ring nebulae

We describe work that has recently been completed on deriving the fundamental parameters of eight WR stars through the photoionization modelling of their surrounding nebulae using non-LTE WR flux distributions. The resulting effective temperatures range from 57 000–71 000 K for the WN4-5 stars and <30 000–42 000 K for the WN6-8 stars. The derived stellar parameters are compared with those obtained from stellar emission line modelling. We find good agreement for the hot early WN stars, indicating that the non-LTE WR flux distributions have essentially the correct shape in the crucial far-UV region. We find lower temperatures for the four cooler late WN stars, particularly for the two WN6 stars. For the nebulae surrounding these stars, we find that the model flux distributions produce too much nebular ionization. We suggest that these discrepancies arise because of the lack of line-blanketing in the WR atmospheres. For the WO1 central star of G2.4+1.4, with strong nebular He II 4686 A emission, we derive a temperature of 105 000 K, somewhat less than previous estimates. The positions of our eight WR stars on the H-R diagram are compared with the evolutionary tracks of Maeder (1990) for solar metallicity. In common with previous workers, we find that our derived luminosities are too low, giving an initial mass range of 25–40 M, below that expected for the majority of WR stars.     

以可靠性为约束的结构优化

 常规结构优化设计存在以下两个根本缺陷:首先,没有确切考虑载荷及元件强度实际存在的不确定性,而用安全系数给以笼统的概括。安全系数取值一般较大,元、对结构带来的影响往往比经过优化设计所得到的效益还要大。第二,它是用元件的应力约束来保证结构系统安全,因此,它是结构元件安全基础上的优化设计。从系统论的观点看,元部件功能好整体功能不一定好。     

气动弹性剪裁中的设计变量和约束导数

1.前言 设计变量的取法和约束导数的计算,不但影响气动弹性剪裁的结果,而且决定着它的工作量。本文对于两种不同的设计变量取法进行了讨论。在约束导数计算方面,通过一个盒段模型和一个三角翼模型的计算,进行了对比。     

电控旋翼气弹动力学建模研究

研究了电控旋翼的气弹动力学建模方法.以有限元旋翼气弹分析程序LORA01为基础,首先给出了一种能计及襟翼移轴补偿影响的时域综合非定常气动力模型,并将伺服襟翼作为额外引入的质量体计入结构动力学模型;之后结合有限元法,根据Hamilton原理导出由广义力表示的带襟翼桨叶非线性运动方程,采用基于Newmark方法的隐式数值积分法对桨叶运动方程进行求解.最后,利用主动控制襟翼旋翼的试验数据对模型进行了比较验证,证明了所建模型的正确性.     

热结构动力优化设计

 考虑温度沿飞行器表面的分布及材料物性系数随温度的变化,按Ｋｕｈｎ－Ｔｕｃｋｅｒ条件建立迭代式,研究具有频率约束、振型节点约束以及变量上、下限约束的热结构动力优化设计。算例讨论了前３阶固有特性及最小目标随温度场的变化规律,证实本方法有效、可行。     

超声速进气道内特性数值模拟及性能分析

采用张涵信院士提出的无波动NND格式计算了某二级斜板可调的二元混压式超声速进气道的内部湍流流场 ,较好地模拟了激波间的干扰及激波 -附面层的相互作用 ,并在解法上运用了矢通量分裂算法 ,提高计算的效率、精度和稳定性。通过数值模拟 ,预测了其内流场主要性能参数 ,并分析了飞行条件、几何尺寸调节参数等因素对其性能参数的影响