HFBM工艺处理三羟甲基丙烷废水的中试研究

采用厌氧滤池+HFBM工艺处理三羟甲基丙烷废水,在进水CODCr浓度小于10 000 mg.L-1、水力停留时间为96 h条件下,出水CODCr浓度稳定在500 mg.L-1以下,在进水中含0.5%甲醛条件下,经过7 d的冲击试验,出水CODCr浓度仍能保证在500 mg.L-1以下,中试试验直接运行费用为6.96元/t废水。     

The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical Generation on Free-Radical Activation of TMP Fibers

The purpose of this work was to study the mechanisms involved in free radical activation of thermal mechanical pulp (TMP) fibers with the ultimate goal of developing methods for bonding wood fiber without the use of traditional adhesives. The generation of hydroxyl radicals in a mediated Fenton system was studied using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping techniques and indirectly through chemiluminescence measurement. The activation of TMP fibers was also evaluated by ESR measurement of free phenoxy radical generation on solid fibers. The results indicate that low molecular weight chelators can improve Fenton reactions, thus in turn stimulating the free radical activation of TMP fibers. However, it was also shown that excessive and prolonged free radical treatment may cause the destruction of fiber phenoxy radicals. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential for application, but also the complexity of free radical chemistry in biological materials, especially with regard to the chelation of transition metals and the interaction between free radicals.     

浸没式MBR工艺在工程化应用中膜污染的三阶段特征研究

以国内某浸没式MBR再生水工程为研究对象,在次临界通量及恒抽吸流量运行条件下,系统跨膜压差表现为早期短暂升高、中期平稳上升及后期快速升高的三阶段特征。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察证明MBR系统在三阶段的膜污染层具有不同的水力学结构。结合各阶段膜污染的理论分析,将临界跨膜压差值(TMP)作为膜系统体外维护清洗的控制点,实现膜系统的长期稳定运行。     

平板膜生物反应器中临界通量问题研究

通过小试试验,探讨了平板膜生物反应器中临界通量问题。在试验中发现,平板膜生物反应器运行过程中,存在临界通量值,本试验中污泥质量浓度为10 g/L,临界通量值为4.86×10-6m/s;在该通量值以下运行时,膜污染速度比较缓慢,在该通量值以上运行时,膜污染比较迅速。通过对膜运行过程阻力的分析发现,随着通量的提高,内部污染阻力增加速度大于膜泥饼污染阻力增加速度。膜片在恒流下运行一段时间后,压力会突然上升,其主要原因是由于膜面泥饼的聚集。     

倒置A2/O-MBR处理城市污水的中试研究

针对城市生活污水,研究了两点进水倒置A2/O-MBR系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP、出水SS、跨膜压差(TMP)的影响.结果表明,该系统对COD、NH4+-N具有较高的去除率,出水符合GB 18918-2002中一级A标准;当混合液回流比为200%时,系统出水TN浓度小于15 mg.L-1;正常排泥后,系统对TP的去除率达90%左右;在膜丝未大量断裂前,系统出水SS小于10mg.L-1;随着系统的运行,TMP逐渐增大,不正确的曝气方式会导致TMP迅速增加.膜截留对COD、TP、SS有直接去除作用,由于膜滤出水中没有固体损失,可以精确控制污泥龄,有利于世代周期较长的硝化菌和反硝化菌在反应器中生长;当污泥浓度增加到6 500 mg.L-1左右,进水量增加0.5倍对出水水质影响很小.     

Anaerobic biodegradation of trimethoprim with sulfate as an electron acceptor

Anaerobic biodegradation of trimethoprim (TMP) coupled with sulfate reduction. Demethylation of TMP is the first step in the acclimated microbial consortia. The potential degraders and fermenters were enriched in the acclimated consortia. Activated sludge and river sediment had similar core microbiomes. Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic frequently detected in various environments. Microorganisms are the main drivers of emerging antibiotic contaminant degradation in the environment. However, the feasibility and stability of the anaerobic biodegradation of TMP with sulfate as an electron acceptor remain poorly understood. Here, TMP-degrading microbial consortia were successfully enriched from municipal activated sludge (AS) and river sediment (RS) as the initial inoculums. The acclimated consortia were capable of transforming TMP through demethylation, and the hydroxyl-substituted demethylated product (4-desmethyl-TMP) was further degraded. The biodegradation of TMP followed a 3-parameter sigmoid kinetic model. The potential degraders (Acetobacterium, Desulfovibrio, Desulfobulbus, and unidentified Peptococcaceae) and fermenters (Lentimicrobium and Petrimonas) were significantly enriched in the acclimated consortia. The AS- and RS-acclimated TMP-degrading consortia had similar core microbiomes. The anaerobic biodegradation of TMP could be coupled with sulfate respiration, which gives new insights into the antibiotic fate in real environments and provides a new route for the bioremediation of antibiotic-contaminated environments.     

玉米芯对磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶的吸附效果及机制

为探究农业废物是否能吸附去除抗生素以及不同抗生素之间是否存在相互作用,通过对玉米芯的理化特征分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析、吸附动力学和吸附等温线分析,研究了玉米芯对磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和甲氧苄啶（TMP）的吸附效果及机制。结果表明：在只含有单一抗生素（初始浓度为 10mg/L）、温度为25 ℃、玉米芯浓度为25 g/L的体系中,玉米芯对SMX和TMP吸附量分别为131.18和358.75 mg/kg;在同时含有SMX和TMP的体系中（初始浓度均为 10mg/L）,玉米芯对其的吸附量分别为131.02和358.74 mg/kg,SMX和TMP之间为非交互吸附过程。在2种体系中,SMX和TMP的吸附均较好地符合准二级反应动力学方程,Langmuir和Freundlich等温线较好地拟合了SMX的吸附过程,而Freundlich等温线对TMP的拟合效果较好。SMX吸附主要为静电作用、π-π堆积作用,且以静电作用为主;TMP吸附主要通过疏水分配、π-π堆积作用和氢键作用。

     

Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in products and effluent from the Swedish pulp and paper industry and chloralkali process

Within the Swedish Dioxin Survey various samples from the pulp and paper industry and the chloralkali process have been analyzed by congener specific analytical methods. In addition to the generally discussed “bleaching pattern” of the tetrachlorinated congeners, these samples also contained higher chlorinated congeners like hexa-CDDs, hepta-CDFs, octa-CDD and octa-CDF. Consequently it is recommended that samples from the pulp industry should be analyzed for all PCDDs and PCDFs (tetra- through octa-). Counted as Nordic Toxic Equivalents (NTEQ), the recycled pulp samples had the highest contamination level followed by TMP, unbleached sulfite and bleached softwood and hardwood. In addition to the bleaching process, various chemicals used in the pulping, bleaching and wastewater treatment can contribute to the contamination.     

膜生物反应器在不同阶段下处理城市污水的研究

采用国产膜对小试规模的膜生物反应器(MBR)处理以工业污水为主的城市污水进行研究.在秋冬季,启动培养活性污泥,至出水水质达到CJ25.1-89杂用水标准.试验表明,在进水COD平均大于500 mg/l,BOD5/COD=0.2～0.4并且水温低于20℃的情况下,MBR在16天内就可以达到理想的出水效果.并且对三种不同抽吸压力(TMP)下的出水水质、膜通量及膜污染进行比较,得出本系统最优TMP为30 kpa.     

温度对PAC-MBR组合工艺的影响研究

利用冬天的低温条件,考察了15℃、20℃、25℃自然温度对PAC—MBR的影响,试验结果表明,膜污染速率随着温度的下降呈现加剧趋势,15℃与自然温度的TMP之差随膜污染的增加而逐渐减少,而20℃和25℃与自然温度TMP之差均随着运行时间而增加;加温后的PAC—MBR上清液COD明显高于自然温度下的上清液COD,但是经过膜过滤后,出水COD相差无几,20℃和25℃的上清液氨氮明显低于自然温度,而出水则无明显规律。温度对微生物,特别是后生动物的种类和数量影响并不显著。