HFBM工艺处理三羟甲基丙烷废水的中试研究

采用厌氧滤池+HFBM工艺处理三羟甲基丙烷废水,在进水CODCr浓度小于10 000 mg.L-1、水力停留时间为96 h条件下,出水CODCr浓度稳定在500 mg.L-1以下,在进水中含0.5%甲醛条件下,经过7 d的冲击试验,出水CODCr浓度仍能保证在500 mg.L-1以下,中试试验直接运行费用为6.96元/t废水。     

The Effect of Hydroxyl Radical Generation on Free-Radical Activation of TMP Fibers

The purpose of this work was to study the mechanisms involved in free radical activation of thermal mechanical pulp (TMP) fibers with the ultimate goal of developing methods for bonding wood fiber without the use of traditional adhesives. The generation of hydroxyl radicals in a mediated Fenton system was studied using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin-trapping techniques and indirectly through chemiluminescence measurement. The activation of TMP fibers was also evaluated by ESR measurement of free phenoxy radical generation on solid fibers. The results indicate that low molecular weight chelators can improve Fenton reactions, thus in turn stimulating the free radical activation of TMP fibers. However, it was also shown that excessive and prolonged free radical treatment may cause the destruction of fiber phenoxy radicals. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the potential for application, but also the complexity of free radical chemistry in biological materials, especially with regard to the chelation of transition metals and the interaction between free radicals.     

光照条件下冰相中激发三线态溶解性有机物的生成及其对三甲基苯酚的光敏化降解作用

选用两种天然有机物Upper Mississippi River NOM(UMRNOM)和Suwannee River NOM(SRNOM)作为光敏化剂,以500 W高压汞灯模拟太阳光照,用2,4,6-三甲基苯酚（TMP）作为探针,进行光解实验.考察了TMP是否可以作为冰相中激发三线态溶解性有机物（3DOM*）的探针,以及溶解性有机碳（DOC）浓度、pH值和溶解氧含量对光反应生成3DOM*的影响.结果表明,TMP的直接光降解和单线态氧（1O2）、羟基自由基（·OH）对TMP检测3DOM*的影响可以忽略,TMP可以作为冰冻样品中3DOM*的探针.UMRNOM的荧光强度和光化学活性低于SRNOM,在光反应中3DOM*的生成量低.两种DOM的SUVA254、E2/E3和荧光指数均与pH没有相关性,产生的3DOM*也与pH不相关.3DOM*生成量随着DOC浓度的增加而增加,单位DOC的3DOM*生成量随着浓度的增加而减少.此外,充入氮气的样品中TMP的降解速率比空气饱和样品分别高13.15%和16.43%.     

平板膜生物反应器中临界通量问题研究

通过小试试验,探讨了平板膜生物反应器中临界通量问题。在试验中发现,平板膜生物反应器运行过程中,存在临界通量值,本试验中污泥质量浓度为10 g/L,临界通量值为4.86×10-6m/s;在该通量值以下运行时,膜污染速度比较缓慢,在该通量值以上运行时,膜污染比较迅速。通过对膜运行过程阻力的分析发现,随着通量的提高,内部污染阻力增加速度大于膜泥饼污染阻力增加速度。膜片在恒流下运行一段时间后,压力会突然上升,其主要原因是由于膜面泥饼的聚集。     

浸没式MBR工艺在工程化应用中膜污染的三阶段特征研究

以国内某浸没式MBR再生水工程为研究对象,在次临界通量及恒抽吸流量运行条件下,系统跨膜压差表现为早期短暂升高、中期平稳上升及后期快速升高的三阶段特征。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察证明MBR系统在三阶段的膜污染层具有不同的水力学结构。结合各阶段膜污染的理论分析,将临界跨膜压差值(TMP)作为膜系统体外维护清洗的控制点,实现膜系统的长期稳定运行。     

倒置A2/O-MBR处理城市污水的中试研究

针对城市生活污水,研究了两点进水倒置A2/O-MBR系统对COD、NH4+-N、TN、TP、出水SS、跨膜压差(TMP)的影响.结果表明,该系统对COD、NH4+-N具有较高的去除率,出水符合GB 18918-2002中一级A标准;当混合液回流比为200%时,系统出水TN浓度小于15 mg.L-1;正常排泥后,系统对TP的去除率达90%左右;在膜丝未大量断裂前,系统出水SS小于10mg.L-1;随着系统的运行,TMP逐渐增大,不正确的曝气方式会导致TMP迅速增加.膜截留对COD、TP、SS有直接去除作用,由于膜滤出水中没有固体损失,可以精确控制污泥龄,有利于世代周期较长的硝化菌和反硝化菌在反应器中生长;当污泥浓度增加到6 500 mg.L-1左右,进水量增加0.5倍对出水水质影响很小.     

Levels of PCDDs and PCDFs in products and effluent from the Swedish pulp and paper industry and chloralkali process

Within the Swedish Dioxin Survey various samples from the pulp and paper industry and the chloralkali process have been analyzed by congener specific analytical methods. In addition to the generally discussed “bleaching pattern” of the tetrachlorinated congeners, these samples also contained higher chlorinated congeners like hexa-CDDs, hepta-CDFs, octa-CDD and octa-CDF. Consequently it is recommended that samples from the pulp industry should be analyzed for all PCDDs and PCDFs (tetra- through octa-). Counted as Nordic Toxic Equivalents (NTEQ), the recycled pulp samples had the highest contamination level followed by TMP, unbleached sulfite and bleached softwood and hardwood. In addition to the bleaching process, various chemicals used in the pulping, bleaching and wastewater treatment can contribute to the contamination.     

玉米芯对磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶的吸附效果及机制

为探究农业废物是否能吸附去除抗生素以及不同抗生素之间是否存在相互作用,通过对玉米芯的理化特征分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析、吸附动力学和吸附等温线分析,研究了玉米芯对磺胺甲恶唑（SMX）和甲氧苄啶（TMP）的吸附效果及机制。结果表明：在只含有单一抗生素（初始浓度为 10mg/L）、温度为25 ℃、玉米芯浓度为25 g/L的体系中,玉米芯对SMX和TMP吸附量分别为131.18和358.75 mg/kg;在同时含有SMX和TMP的体系中（初始浓度均为 10mg/L）,玉米芯对其的吸附量分别为131.02和358.74 mg/kg,SMX和TMP之间为非交互吸附过程。在2种体系中,SMX和TMP的吸附均较好地符合准二级反应动力学方程,Langmuir和Freundlich等温线较好地拟合了SMX的吸附过程,而Freundlich等温线对TMP的拟合效果较好。SMX吸附主要为静电作用、π-π堆积作用,且以静电作用为主;TMP吸附主要通过疏水分配、π-π堆积作用和氢键作用。