Plant steroid hormones produced under Ni stress are involved in the regulation of metal uptake and oxidative stress in Brassica juncea L

Brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in the amelioration of various biotic and abiotic stresses. With an aim to explore the role of BRs under heavy metal stress, plants of Brassica juncea L. were grown in pots. The plants were subjected to various concentrations of Nickel metal (0.0, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 mM) and harvested on 60th day in order to observe the expression of these hormones. The isolated BRs from the leaves of Brassica plants characterized by GC-MS include 24-Epibrassinolide (24-EBL), Castasterone, Dolicholide and Typhasterole. The effect of isolated 24-EBL was studied on Ni metal uptake and antioxidative defense system in 60 d old plants of Brassica. It was observed that 24-EBL significantly increased the activities of stress ameliorating enzymes and lowered the metal uptake in plants. This is the first report in B. juncea L. plants showing the expression of BRs under metal treatments and effect of the isolated 24-EBL on metal uptake and in oxidative stress management.     

三株溶藻菌对水华鱼腥藻抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了三株溶藻菌L7,L8和L18的溶藻活性代谢产物对水华鱼腥藻（Anabaena flos—aquae）超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase,SOD）比活性、过氧化氢酶（Catalase,CAT）比活性和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）浓度的影响,试图从藻类的抗氧化酶系的变化揭示溶藻活性代谢产物的溶藻机制。在L7,L8和L18的溶藻活性代谢产物胁迫下,水华鱼腥藻的SOD比活性显著升高,MDA浓度急剧上升。加入L18的溶藻活性代谢产物后,水华鱼腥藻的CAT比活性显著高于空白组,L7和L8的溶藻活性代谢产物对水华鱼腥藻的CAT比活性无显著影响。     

细叶蜈蚣草对悬沙胁迫的生理生态学研究

研究了悬沙对细叶蜈蚣草(Egeria nojas)营养生殖、叶绿素、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶)等影响。实验结果表明:悬沙处理96h后,各组细叶蜈蚣草断枝均能发芽,其发芽率均在60%以上,悬沙浓度<4.0g/L时,断枝新芽生长较好,悬沙浓度>6.0g/L时,新芽生长受到影响;各组细叶蜈蚣草叶片的叶绿素a和叶绿素b以及总叶绿素含量均相差不大,叶绿素a/b值都在2.50以上,属于正常范围,变化幅度不大;各试验组中细叶蜈蚣草SOD和CAT相差不大,相对比较稳定,受到影响较小。因此,细叶蜈蚣草对悬沙胁迫具有较好的抗逆性,是一种在含沙量较高水体的生态修复实践中具有良好应用前景的水生植物。     

六价铬对玉米种子萌发及生理特性的影响

主要研究了不同浓度六价铬胁迫对不同玉米种子萌发和部分生理特性的影响。结果表明：六价铬胁迫下,玉米的生长受到一定程度的抑制,并随溶液中六价铬浓度的增加,抑制加重。玉米幼苗植株吸收六价铬的量随其胁迫浓度的增加而增加。超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性随六价铬浓度的增加而增加,丙二醛（MDA）含量同样呈上升趋势。     

久效磷对海洋微藻毒性机理的初步研究Ⅲ.超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化物酶活性的变化

报道了久效磷对３种海洋微藻细胞内２种清除活性氧的关键性酶－超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示：１．在久效磷的胁迫下，扁藻和三角褐指藻细胞的超化物歧化酶活性均表现出下降的总变化趋势，而叉鞭金藻细胞的ＳＯＤ活性时而上升，时而下降，在整个胁迫过程中呈现出无规律性的变化。２．随着久铲磷胁迫时间的延长，３种微藻细胞的过氧化酶活性均逐渐下降，表现出相同的变化规律性。     

铅对赤子爱胜蚓抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了老化和未经老化土壤中Pb(NO₃)₂对赤子爱胜蚓(Eisenia fetida)体内SOD(超氧化物歧化酶)、CAT(过氧化氢酶)、POD(过氧化物酶)活性的影响. 结果表明:在测试范围(w〔Pb(NO₃)₂〕为200~1000 mg/kg)内,Pb(NO₃)₂对蚯蚓体内3种抗氧化酶的活性均有显著性影响. 暴露于未经老化土壤1、14、21d时,蚯蚓体内SOD和CAT活性均随土壤中w〔Pb(NO₃)₂〕的增加而降低,高w〔Pb(NO₃)₂〕下,与对照组相比这2种抗氧化酶活性均降低了约40%. POD活性除第1、3天在高w〔Pb(NO₃)₂〕中显著变化外,其他暴露时间、暴露水平中均无显著性变化. 暴露于老化(28d)土壤1d后,蚯蚓体内SOD、POD、CAT活性均随土壤中w〔Pb(NO₃)₂〕的增加而升高,高w〔Pb(NO₃)₂〕下,与对照组相比这3种抗氧化酶活性分别升高了359%、147%和233%;然而,随着暴露时间的延长,3种抗氧化酶活性又呈显著降低趋势. 总体上,蚯蚓体内CAT和SOD活性变化趋势基本一致. 研究显示,土壤老化对铅毒性产生了影响,因此在进行毒性试验时应予以考虑.      

活性污泥中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性测定影响因素

研究以污水生物处理中的活性污泥为对象,采用氮蓝四唑光还原法测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,从样品制备和保存方面探讨了是否添加溶菌酶液、细胞破碎时间、酶液保存时间与保存温度等因素对SOD活性测定的影响。研究表明,溶菌酶液的加入提高了细胞破碎效果;细胞破碎的条件为99次(工作3 s,停3 s),时间为40 min时破碎效果最好;酶液保存时间在4 h内最佳;-20℃保存比4℃保存对酶活性影响小。最佳检测条件为:取样量为1 mL时,反应温度为30℃,反应时间为20 min时,SOD酶活性最大。     

非潮汐淹水对白骨壤膜脂过氧化系统的影响

通过室内模拟非潮汐淹水,探索不同淹水水位条件下,红树植物白骨壤(A.marina(Forsk.)Vierh).超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)随时间的变化情况。结果表明,经历第二个淹水周期后,较第一个周期各梯度,白骨壤超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)从高到低排序不变,过氧化氢酶活性(CAT)、丙二醛的量(MDA)也表现出相同的规律。本研究结论为红树植物在人工非潮汐生境下,红树林造林的关键技术之一——淹水水位的控制提供了数据参考。     

Hydroxytyrosol, the phenolic compound of olive oil protects human PBMC against oxidative stress and DNA damage mediated by 2,3,7,8-TCDD

The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol (HT), a strong antioxidant compound from extra virgin olive oil, against TCDD induced toxicity was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). PBMC (1 × 10⁶ cells mL⁻¹) were divided into four groups and were incubated in a CO₂ incubator (5% CO₂) for 12 h with vehicle, TCDD (10 nM), TCDD + HT (10 nM + 100 μM) and HT alone (100 μM) respectively. To clarify the role of HT against TCDD induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and the levels of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Incubation of PBMC with TCDD significantly decreased cell viability, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and increased the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR) and oxidative stress markers such as lipid peroxidation products (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Whereas, HT had an effective antioxidant property as observed by the increased cell viability, normalization of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of LPO, PCC and ROS in PBMC co-treated with HT and TCDD. Apoptosis detection and comet assay results shows that HT, by acting as an antioxidant, prevents the damage to DNA induced by TCDD. In addition light microscopic and histopathological observations revealed that the cells are apoptotic and degenerated during TCDD treatment, whereas cells showed intact morphology during co-treatment with HT. On the whole, the results reveal that HT exerts a promising antioxidant potential in protecting the PBMC against TCDD induced oxidative stress, which might be due to the presence of catechol moiety in its structure.     

纳米水稳型C60（nC60）促进Zn2+和Cr6+ 在大型溞体内的吸收、抗氧化性和急性毒性

富勒烯(C60)作为一种被广泛使用的纳米工程材料,其环境行为和所造成的毒效应越来越引起人们的关注,特别是其与重金属的联合毒性.文章选取模式生物大型溞研究纳米水稳型富勒烯(nC60)与Zn+和Cr6+的联合毒性.按EPA 2024急性毒性试验结果,nC60对大型溞48 h-LC50为0.47 mg·L-1,最大无观察效应浓度(NOEC)为0.10 mg·L-1.NOEC浓度选定为nC60亚急性试验浓度,用于联合毒性试验.nC60增强了Zn2+和Cr6+对大型溞的毒性,Zn2和Cr6+对大型溞48 h-LC50分别由2.33mg·L-1和0.40mg·L-1降低为1.52 mg·L-1和033 mg·L-1;nC60增加了大型溞对Zn2+和Cr6+的摄入,暴露1440 min后体内Zn2+和Cr6+累积量分别由6.52 μg·g-1湿重和1.52 μg·g-1湿重增加到9.98 μg ·g-1湿重和3.01 μg·g-1湿重;nC60和Zn2+和Cr6+联合作用于大型潘后,大型溞SOD酶活性均呈现出增强的诱导现象,联合作用时诱导作用强于两种物质单独作用.此研究表明:在亚急性浓度下,nC60增强了Zn2+和Cr6+对大型溞的毒性,提高了大型潘体内Zn2+和Cr6+的积累,并提高大型溞体内自由基活性.