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Environmental assessment of garden waste management in the Municipality of Aarhus, Denmark 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
An environmental assessment of six scenarios for handling of garden waste in the Municipality of Aarhus (Denmark) was performed from a life cycle perspective by means of the LCA-model EASEWASTE. In the first (baseline) scenario, the current garden waste management system based on windrow composting was assessed, while in the other five scenarios alternative solutions including incineration and home composting of fractions of the garden waste were evaluated. The environmental profile (normalised to Person Equivalent, PE) of the current garden waste management in Aarhus is in the order of −6 to 8 mPE Mg−1 ww for the non-toxic categories and up to 100 mPE Mg−1 ww for the toxic categories. The potential impacts on non-toxic categories are much smaller than what is found for other fractions of municipal solid waste. Incineration (up to 35% of the garden waste) and home composting (up to 18% of the garden waste) seem from an environmental point of view suitable for diverting waste away from the composting facility in order to increase its capacity. In particular the incineration of woody parts of the garden waste improved the environmental profile of the garden waste management significantly. 相似文献
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建立了埋地含缺陷聚乙烯管道模型,应用有限元方法计算管道的应力和变形量,分别考虑管道内压、地面载荷和管道缺陷深度变化对管道应力和变形的影响。研究结果表明,管道最大应力随管道内压的增大而增大;随地面载荷的增加呈先减小后增大趋势;随管道缺陷深度增大而增大。管道变形量随内压增大而增大,但增长较小;随地面载荷增大而增大,增长较大;管道缺陷深度只对管道缺陷处变形量有影响。研究结果为确定城镇燃气聚乙烯管道工作能力提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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现代工业的发展使得塑料制品的使用量急剧增加,由此产生的大量废旧塑料垃圾在环境中裂解形成粒径更小的微塑料(<5 mm).由于微塑料结构稳定,分布广泛且生物可利用性低,在环境中长期存在,已经逐渐成为对海洋生态和环境造成巨大影响的重要污染物.近年的研究表明,自然环境中存在一些能降解这些难降解微塑料的微生物,微生物降解无二次污染且对环境扰动少,在微塑料的去除中具有很好地应用潜力,但亦有一些局限性.综述了环境中数量最多的聚乙烯微塑料的微生物降解研究现状,着重探讨了降解效果和量化方法.基于微塑料生物分解效率普遍较低的现状,开展进一步的研究还非常有必要. 相似文献
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为了研究聚乙烯(PE)管道热熔孔洞缺陷与寿命之间的关系,基于Ansys软件对埋地状态下的含有热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道进行应力分析,得到了含热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道在不同内压下的最大Mises应力、环向应力和径向应力的变化数据;依据应力分析数据,使用Matlab编写程序,根据Suleiman双曲本构模型对PE管道进行了寿命预测。研究结果表明:含有热熔孔洞缺陷的PE管道,其最大应力随管道内压的增大而增大,寿命随着管道内压和缺陷体积的增大而减少,含缺陷管道寿命和内压关系可使用双对数函数来进行描述;使用应力分析和寿命预测相结合的方法,可以得到不同缺陷的PE管道寿命-内压关系式。 相似文献
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新型聚乙烯包装材料的可环境消纳性能研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
借助人工加速老化实验箱、户外暴晒架、自然土壤填埋坑等实验方法,采用力学性能测试、扫描电镜、热-红联用仪和乌氏粘度计等测试方法对所研制的新型聚乙烯(PE)塑料包装材料的可环境消纳性能进行探讨。实验结果表明,该材料自然暴露35d,羰基指数(CI)为45,光照10d后自然土壤掩埋,一年后CI为70,粘均分子质量Mη降到3678;生物降解性能达到3级;进行焚烧处理,尤其是在受光照后进行焚烧,可完全燃烧,不产生有害气体或粉尘。 相似文献
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Optimization of the recovery of plastics for recycling by density media separation cyclones 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gent Malcolm Richard Menendez MarioToraño Javier Torno Susana 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(4):472-482
Material recovery processes are presented as the optimum option for recycling plastic wastes as a means of recovering hydrocarbon resources. There exist a large variety of automated material recovery processes for recycling of such wastes but each with significant limitations. Of these, the separation based on differences in densities is advocated as the optimum process either for producing recycled products or preparing wastes for subsequent recovery processing.Density separation processes based on cyclone type density media separation (DMS) is presented as an important, potential method for increasing plastics recycling process capacities. It is demonstrated to have the capacity to separate a significantly larger range of particle sizes than those presently processed industrially. The mathematical relationship for the prediction of quality of typical LARCODEMS type density media separations by particle size and density as expressed by the Ecart Probable is presented.A proposed device configuration is presented for density media separation to optimize the recovery and purity of both density fractions produced. It is also suggested that to be economically viable, a large scale of operation is required for industrial plastics recycling operations recovering and producing a number of different plastics with a purity to be used as a substitute for virgin material. 相似文献
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低压导线火蔓延的研究对于飞机和航天器的防火安全具有重要意义。针对镍铬合金线芯、聚乙烯(PE)绝缘层导线火蔓延过程中的熔融滴落现象,在低压舱内开展了不同气压、不同氧气浓度的大量实验研究,获得了导线熔融滴落频率、质量和火蔓延速度,以及不同氧浓度熔融滴落的上下限。结果表明:(1)在熔融滴落过程中,由于滴落会产生向上的动量,从而使火焰在滴落后发生突然的"跳动"现象,火焰高度先增加后降低;(2)滴落上限和滴落下限随着氧浓度的增加而降低,并且可以划分为3个不同的区域:火蔓延仅存区;滴落和火蔓延共存区;无滴落无火蔓延区。滴落上限和滴落下限下降曲线在50%氧浓度、5kPa压力发生会合,此后只有火蔓延而不存在滴落现象。(3)当压力降低时,由于线芯温度增加,线芯传导热量增加,导致绝缘层熔融速率加快,从而使得滴落频率增加,同时液滴的表面张力随着压力的降低而增加,使得低压下液滴的质量变大。 相似文献
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用二氧化氯直接处理印染废水的试验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
用二氧化氯直接氧化处理含疏水性染料的印染废水(COD360mg/l,色度256倍),经PE精密过滤器过滤,出水水质为COD64mg/l,色度4倍。 相似文献